- •Английский язык
- •655017, Абакан, ул. Щетинкина, 27 оглавление
- •Введение
- •Unit I. Electrical Engineering
- •I. Before reading the text try to predict what information you will find in it, choosing the statements from the list below.
- •II. Read the text to find out if you are right.
- •Vocabulary
- •Electric Motor
- •VII. Explain each of the methods of connection.
- •I. Read the statements given below and if you think the statement is true agree to it saying “That’s right”. If you think it is not true, disagree “That’s wrong” and make the necessary corrections.
- •II. Read the text and say if you are right or wrong.
- •Vocabulary
- •Operating Principles of an Electric Motor
- •III. Answer the following questions:
- •V. Find in the Text 2 and put down key words that can be used to speak about operating principles of an electric motor.
- •VI. Match each of these components to its function, and then describe its function in a sentence.
- •VII. Match the given words to sentences 1–7.
- •I. Read the text and be ready to do exercises that follow it.
- •Vocabulary
- •Alternator
- •II. Answer the following questions:
- •III. Find in the text and put down key words to speak about an alternator.
- •IV. Find words with similar meanings.
- •V. Use the verbs given below to complete the text about a versatile device (Fig. 3).
- •VI. Match each of these terms with the correct description.
- •I. Read the text and write an outline for it.
- •Vocabulary
- •The First Maglev Train
- •II. Answer the following questions:
- •III. Write the summary of the Text 4.
- •IV. Scan the table and find a material which is:
- •V. Scan the table to find:
- •VI. Make definitions of each of the materials in column a, choosing the correct information in columns b and c.
- •I. Read the statements given below and if you think the statement is true agree to it saying “That’s right”. If you think it is not true, disagree “That’s wrong” and make the necessary corrections.
- •II. Read the text and say if you are right or wrong.
- •Vocabulary
- •Electrodynamic Suspension System
- •VII. Complete the safety report with the correct form of the verbs in brackets.
- •VIII. Ask the questions for these answers about the near miss incident in the task VII.
- •IX. Write a set of safety rules based on the report in the task VII.
- •I. Read the text and be ready to do exercises that follow it.
- •Vocabulary
- •Strain Gauge
- •II. Answer the following questions:
- •III. Find in the text and put down key words to speak about a strain gauge.
- •IV. Find words with similar meanings.
- •VI. Read the three texts. Match the titles with the texts.
- •VII. Decide whether the sentences are “true” or “false”. Correct the false parts of the sentences.
- •Unit II. Traditional sources of energy
- •I. Read the text and be ready to do exercises that follow it.
- •Vocabulary
- •Wood Fuel
- •II. Match the English and Russian equivalents:
- •III. Decide whether the following statements are true or false according to the text.
- •IV. Put the following sentences in the correct order according to the text.
- •V. Answer the following questions:
- •I. Read the text and be ready to do exercises that follow it.
- •Vocabulary
- •II. Finish the following sentences according to the text.
- •III. Decide whether the following statements are true or false.
- •IV. Combine the words:
- •V. Answer the questions:
- •I. Read the text and be ready to do exercises that follow it.
- •Vocabulary
- •II. Complete the following sentences according to the text.
- •III. Decide whether the following statements are true or false according to the text.
- •Vocabulary
- •Natural Gas
- •II. Finish the following sentences according to the text.
- •III. Answer the following questions:
- •IV. Find in the text and put down key words to speak about natural gas.
- •I. Read the text and be ready to do exercises that follow it.
- •Vocabulary
- •Electric power plants
- •II. Translate the following word combinations:
- •III. Fill in the blanks with the prepositions.
- •IV. Test. Choose the correct variant:
- •V. Answer the questions:
- •I. Read the text and be ready to do exercises that follow it.
- •Vocabulary
- •Thermal Electrical Plants
- •II. Translate the following word combinations:
- •III. Fill in the blanks with the verbs.
- •IV. Test. Choose the correct variant:
- •V. Answer the questions:
- •I. Read the text and be ready to do exercises that follow it.
- •Vocabulary
- •The Atomic Power Plant (1)
- •II. Translate the following expressions:
- •III. Test. Choose the correct variant:
- •IV. Answer the following questions:
- •I. Read the text and be ready to do exercises that follow it.
- •Vocabulary
- •The Atomic Power Plant (2)
- •II. Translate the following word combinations:
- •III. Answer the following questions:
- •IV. Find in the text and put down key words to speak about nuclear power plants.
- •I. Read the text and be ready to do exercises that follow it.
- •Vocabulary
- •Pros and Cons of Nuclear Power Plants
- •II. Decide whether the following statements are true or false according to the text.
- •III. Match the synonyms:
- •IV. Combine the words. Translate them into Russian.
- •V. Read the following sentences and fill in the words listed below.
- •VI. Answer the following questions and give examples:
- •Unit III. Alternative sources of energy
- •I. Choose the right option. Renewable Energy Sources
- •II. Read the text and be ready to do exercises that follow it. The Pros and Cons of Alternative Energy
- •III. Match the English and Russian equivalents:
- •IV. Answer the following questions:
- •V. Agree or disagree with the following statements:
- •Comfortable ['kʌmfətəbl]
- •Vocabulary
- •How Solar Energy Works
- •III. Give the English equivalents about the text:
- •IV. Agree or disagree with the following statements:
- •V. Answer the following questions and give examples:
- •Vocabulary
- •Wind Energy
- •II. Fill in the correct prepositions, translate the phrases, then choose any five items and make up sentences of your own:
- •III. Put the following sentences in the correct order according to the text:
- •IV. Make the following statements true according to the text:
- •V. Answer the following questions and give examples:
- •VI. Fill in the gaps with the words from the text.
- •VII. Write a summary of the Text 3.
- •VIII. Discuss with your groupmates or in pairs:
- •IX. Fill in the words listed below.
- •X. Translate the following text into Russian in written form paying attention to –ing forms.
- •XI. Read the following text and make an abstract of the text in some sentences.
- •XII. Fill in the gaps with the omitted words.
- •I. Answer the following question and read the text below to check your answer.
- •Vocabulary
- •Hydroelectric Power: How it Works
- •II. Answer the following questions:
- •III. Complete the following sentences according to the text.
- •IV. Combine the words and translate them:
- •V. Fill in the correct prepositions, translate the phrases, then choose any five items and make up sentences of your own.
- •Wave Energy Converter
- •Библиографический список
II. Complete the following sentences according to the text.
Oil was formed from …
Scientists and engineers explore a chosen area by …
Crude oil is called “sweet” when it contains …
Crude oil is also classified by …
“Light” crude oil flows …, while “ heavy” crude oil is …
After crude oil is removed from the ground, it is sent to …
A refinery runs …
One barrel of crude oil, when refined, produces …
III. Decide whether the following statements are true or false according to the text.
For years the remains of animals and plants were covered by layers of fine rocks.
Tools and pipes are housed in a derrick.
Crude oil is called “sour” if it contains a small quantity of sulfur.
A refinery is larger than a football field.
At a refinery, various parts of the crude oil are joined into useable petroleum products.
Propane is used by many Americans to heat their homes.
IV. Match the synonyms:
layer a) exist
live b) low-sulfur
explore c) split
hole d) shift
sweet e) opening
instance f) create
heavy g) investigate
move h) stratum
separate i) weighty
break j) conduct
perform k) isolate
produce l) example
water m) marine
steady n) stable
V. Combine the words. Translate them into Russian.
crude a) well
smelly b) countries
rock c) liquid
drilled d) components
producing e) valves
petroleum f) oil
various g) samples
small h) products
motor i) amount
heart j) gasoline
VI. Answer the following questions:
What helped the remains to run into crude oil?
Where is crude oil usually found in?
When does drilling begin?
What is crude oil measured in?
What are the main crude oil-producing countries?
What are the steps performed at all refineries?
What are the most petroleum products used for?
What do products made from petroleum include?
Text 4.
I. Read the text and be ready to do exercises that follow it.
Vocabulary
well [wel] скважина, колодец
vapor [’veɪpər] пар, испарения
convenience [kən’vi:njəns] удобство
limestone [’laɪm‚stəun] известняк
strata [streitə] пласт
byproduct [baiprədəkt] побочный продукт
mantle [’mæntəl] мантия
flammability [flæmə’biliti] воспламеняемость
to issue [’ɪʃu:] вытекать, исходить
calorific ['kælərɪfik] тепловой, теплотворный
decay [dɪ’keɪ] гниение, распад
ignite [ɪg’naɪt] зажигать, загораться
feasible [’fi:zəbəl] выполнимый, возможный
extensive [ɪk’stensɪv] обширный, пространный
Natural Gas
Natural gas is a natural mixture of gaseous hydrocarbons found issuing from the ground or obtained from specially driven wells. The composition of natural gas varies in different localities. Its chief component, methane, usually makes up from 80 % to 95 % and the balance is composed of varying amounts of ethane, propane, butane, and other hydrocarbon compounds. Some of the hydrocarbons found in gasoline also occur as vapors in natural gas f by liquefying these hydrocarbons, gasoline can be obtained.
Although commonly associated with petroleum deposits it also I occurs separately in sand, sandstone, and limestone deposits. Some geologists theorize that natural gas is a byproduct of decaying vegetable matter in underground strata, while others think it may be primordial gases that rise up from the mantle. Because of its flammability and high calorific value, natural gas is used extensively as an illuminant and a fuel.
Natural gas was known to the ancients but was considered by them to be a supernatural phenomenon because, noticed only when ignited, it appeared as a mysterious fire bursting from the ground. One of the earliest attempts to harness it for economic use occurred in the early 19th cent, in Fredonia, N.Y. Toward the latter part of the 19th cent, large industrial cities began to make use of natural gas, and extensive pipeline systems have been constructed to transport gas.
Liquefied natural gas, or LNG, is natural gas that has been pressurized and cooled so as to liquefy it for convenience in shipping storage. The boiling point of natural gas is extremely low, and only in the 1970s did cryogenic technology advance enough to make the production and transport of LNG commercially feasible. Some of the natural gas moved to and from the United States is carried as LNG in special tankers.