The (именно этот/эти)
Определенный артикль the употребляется:
1.Когда предмет является определенным вообще или по ситуации.
The French are famous for their food.
Give me the letter you received yesterday.
2. с порядковыми числительными.
The 1st of September
3. с существительными, обозначающими единственный в своем роде предмет.
The sun, the earth, the moon, the sky, the ground, the universe
4. с существительными, обозначающими названия сторон света: the north, the south, the east, the west.
5. с существительным, обозначающим музыкальный инструмент: the violin, the piano
6.со словами: the cinema, the theatre, the radio, the television.
7.Тема «Путешествие».
С названиями кораблей, гостиниц, ресторанов, музеев, театров, названием муз. групп, с названиями английских и американских газет и журналов.
The Titanic
The Riz hotel
The National Theatre
The Beatles
The Times
Но: MacDonald’s
8.Тема «Географическая карта»
С названиями океанов, морей, рек, групп островов, горных цепей, регионов, пустынь.
The Atlantic Ocean
The Black Sea
The Volga
The British Isles Но: Lake Baikal – the Baikal
The Urals River Volga – the Volga
The Kara Kum
The Far East
Запомни! С названиями некоторых стран употребляется the.
The Russian Federation the Netherland
The USA the Argentine
The Congo the Crimea
The Caucasus the Ukrain
Город: the Hague
9.Собирательный образ: the police, the rich, the poor.
10.Если фамилии предшествует обозначение профессии или положение в обществе.
The composer Tchaikovsky
The student Smirnov
The engineer Ivanov
A(an) – один, какой-то
Неопределенный артикль употребляется:
1.при первом упоминании предмета
I see a girl (an apple).
2.с названиями профессий и рода занятий.
I am a student. She is a doctor.
После to have (have got), there is
I have a family.
There is a book on the shelf.
В восклицаниях после слов what, such
What a lovely day! She is such a nice girl!
Exercises
Вставьте соответствующий артикль.
1. They lived in … new house in … centre of …town. 2. What is on … television this night? 3. I hope …police will catch that man. 4. It’s …second line at…top of …page. 5. Could you bring me … cake and… cup of tea? 6. Two hours later …plane landed at …Heathrow Airport. 7. …English can’t make …good coffee. 8. …United States of America consist of 50 states. 9. London stands on …Thames. 10. …summer of 1972 was very hot.
Prepositions
Предлоги.
1. Prepositions of time.
in - in 1973, in winter, in May, in the morning, in the afternoon,
in the evening, in 10 minutes, in the 17th century.
on - on Monday, on Friday night, on my birthday, on Christmas
Day, on the 1st of January.
at - at night, at noon, at 7 o’clock, at the moment, at Christmas,
at the age of
for (How long?) – for an hour, for a month, for two years.
during(When?) - during our holidays, during the lesson.
till - till 5 o’clock, till the evening.
from … tо from 7 to 12 o’clock.
before - before 10 o’clock, before Sunday.
after - after 5 o’clock, after Friday.
2. Prepositions of place and direction.
above
on
to from
through
into at out of
under
behind- за,позади near- рядом (на расстоянии)
in front of- перед opposite- напротив
between- между below- ниже
3.Prepositions: of, with, by, for.
of - a leg of the table; the father of my friend.
with - with a knife and a fork; to see with eyes and to hear with
ears; to be covered with snow; to have dinner with friends.
by - to sit by me (near); to take child by the hand; to go by bus;
the poem is by Esenin.
for - for you; for his sister.
Exercises.
Вставьте соответствующие предлоги.
1. We are going abroad … June. 2. He used to live here … 1994… 1997. 3. I’m sorry, he is off. Please call him back … an hour. 4. My birthday is … March 26. 5. Let’s meet … the lesson. 6. Bye, see you … Monday! 7. The lesson begins … half past eight. 8. I hope to meet you …Easter. 9. He graduated from school … the age … 16. 10. She takes English classes … Wednesday nights.
1. Who is sitting … you at the desk? 2. Please pour some tea … my cup. 3. The teacher was writing some words … the blackboard. 4. The children were writing the same words … their exercise-books. 5. Put your bag … the desk. (под) 6. Please stop … the first traffic lights. (у) 7. Your eye-glasses are … you … the window-sill. (впереди, на) 8. You’ve dropped the letter … the floor. 9. Everybody is … the table. (за) 10. I went … college … home.
Тест по теме «Предлоги»
1. Did you go out _____ Friday evening?
in at on
2. Susanne had a headache _____ New Year's Day.
in at on
3. Mary went on holiday _____ Monday.
in at on
4. The conference is _____ 6 June.
in at on
5. Wolfgang met Michaela _____ the way to work.
in at on
6. Do not walk _____ the grass.
in at on
7. Put the notice _____ the noticeboard.
in at on
8. My parents bought their house _____ 1967.
in at on
9. Milan is _____ the north of Italy.
in at on
10. I'll give you the money I owe you _____ the end of the month.
in at on
11. I live _____ Vienna.
in at on
12. Moira lives _____ Toronto.
in at on
13. Her office is _____ the end of the corridor.
in at on
14. There are lots of managers _____ my company.
in at on
15. David bought his car _____ 1998.
in at on
16. Moira's birthday is _____ September 24.
in at on
17. We can have the meeting _____ my office.
in at on
18. The cat sat _____ the mat.
in at on
19. My children are _____ home.
in at on
20. The television is _____ the living room.
in at on
Pronouns