- •Содержание
- •Unit 2 what is economics? Active vocabulary
- •Text What is Economics?
- •Unit 3 areas of economics Active vocabulary
- •Text Areas of Economics
- •Unit 5 applied fields of economics Active vocabulary
- •Text Applied Fields of Economics
- •Unit 6 agricultural economics Active vocabulary
- •Text Agricultural Economics
- •Unit 7 globalization of economy Active vocabulary
- •Text Globalization of World Economy
- •Unit 8 economic systems Active vocabulary
- •Text Economic Systems. Planned Economics
- •Active vocabulary
- •Text Market Economics
- •Active vocabulary
- •Text Mixed Economics
- •Unit 9 british and american economies in brief economies of some other countries
- •Vocabulary
- •Text 1 Britain's Economy in Brief
- •Text 2 a Bird's eye View of the usa
- •World Domination
- •The Wheels of Commerce
- •Beaches and Tea
- •Australia
- •Unit 10 legal forms of business: sole proprietorship and partnership
- •Vocabulary
- •Unit 11 limited company (corporation)
- •Vocabulary
- •Unit 12 marketing. General approach
- •Vocabulary
- •Text 2 The Four Ps
- •Text 2 Management Functions
- •Unit 14 finance and balance sheet
- •Vocabulary
- •Text 1 Why Finance?
- •Text 2 The Balance Sheet
- •Text 3 What is Accounting?
- •Users of Accounting Information
- •Text 4 The Development of Accounting Thought
- •Unit 15
- •Active vocabulary
- •Text 1 Britain's Banking and Financial Institutions
- •Второй банк Америки
- •Unit 16 money Active vocabulary
- •Text 1 Money and its functions
- •The medium of exchange
- •Other functions of money
- •Different kinds of money
- •Text 2 American and English Money
- •Литература
Active vocabulary
to own and run business – владеть и управлять бизнесом
to intervene – вмешиваться
private enterprise – частное предпринимательство
private ownership of the means of production – частная собственность на средства производства
public property, common ownership – общественная собственность
personal property – личная собственность
state-owned property, state ownership – государственная собственность
private supplies of capital – частный капитал
to employ – нанимать
employer – работодатель
employee – служащий
employment – занятость
unemployment – безработица
at first view – на первый взгляд
to adjust automatically – приводиться в соответствие
competitive – конкурентоспособный
to make the largest profits possible – получить наибольшую возможную прибыль
to provide free or subsidized supplies – обеспечить бесплатное или дотированное предоставление
a cornerstone – краеугольный камень
to alter swiftly – быстро меняться
consequences – последствия
safety standards – техника безопасности
Text Market Economics
The best examples of this type of economy are to be found in small South-East Asian states like Hong Kong and Singapore, though even they are not pure examples of market economies. Even they contain some business owned and run by the state.
In a true market economy the government plays no role in the management of the economy, the government does not intervene in it. The system is based on private enterprise with private ownership of the means of production and private supplies of capital. Workers are paid wages by employers according to how skilled they are and how many firms wish to employ them. They are consumers and spend their wages on the products and services they need. In a market economy it is consumers who decide what is to be produced.
Such a system, is at first view, very attractive. The economy adjusts automatically to meet changing demands. Firms tend to be highly competitive. New products and low prices are good ways to increase sales and profits. Since all firms are privately owned they try to make the largest profits possible. In a free market individual people can become millionaires.
Not surprisingly there are also problems. Some goods would under-purchased if the government did not provide free or subsidized supplies. Examples of this type of good and service are health and education.
A cornerstone of the market system is that production alters swiftly to meet changing demands. These swift changes can, however, have serious consequences: unemployment, minimal control on working conditions and safety standards concerning products and services. It is necessary to have large-scale government invention to pass laws to protect consumers and workers.
Ответьте на вопросы.
What’s market economy?
What’s the main difference between a market economy and a planned economy?
Do changing demands affect production? In what way?
What’s the mechanism of producing goods and services in a market economy?
Give the advantages of market economy.
Give the disadvantages of a market economy.
Найдите русские эквиваленты.
New advanced products, products which are favoured, they try to make the largest profits possible, provide free or subsidized suppliers, produce goods and then advertise heavily.
Замените выделенные слова синонимами.
Businesses owned and run by the state; products and services, which are favoured; at first view; production alters swiftly.
Переведите на английский язык.
В рыночной экономике невелика или очень мала необходимость в планировании, контроле и широкомасштабном вмешательстве со стороны государства (правительства) в экономический процесс.
В условиях рыночной экономики изменения потребительского спроса играют заметную роль в формировании политики фирм.
Чтобы быть конкурентоспособными и увеличивать доходы, фирмы должны постоянно изучать спрос и менять свою деятельность в ответ на его изменения.
Чем более модный товар, тем более высокую цену надо за него платить.
Некоторые виды услуг, например здравоохранение и образование, не могут быть полностью обеспечены только частными фирмами.
Рыночная экономика характеризуется частной собственностью на ресурсы и использованием системы рынков и цен для управления экономической деятельностью.
В такой системе каждый ее участник волен преследовать свои собственные интересы; каждая экономическая единица стремится получить наибольший возможный доход на основе индивидуального принятия решений.
