
- •Содержание
- •Unit 2 what is economics? Active vocabulary
- •Text What is Economics?
- •Unit 3 areas of economics Active vocabulary
- •Text Areas of Economics
- •Unit 5 applied fields of economics Active vocabulary
- •Text Applied Fields of Economics
- •Unit 6 agricultural economics Active vocabulary
- •Text Agricultural Economics
- •Unit 7 globalization of economy Active vocabulary
- •Text Globalization of World Economy
- •Unit 8 economic systems Active vocabulary
- •Text Economic Systems. Planned Economics
- •Active vocabulary
- •Text Market Economics
- •Active vocabulary
- •Text Mixed Economics
- •Unit 9 british and american economies in brief economies of some other countries
- •Vocabulary
- •Text 1 Britain's Economy in Brief
- •Text 2 a Bird's eye View of the usa
- •World Domination
- •The Wheels of Commerce
- •Beaches and Tea
- •Australia
- •Unit 10 legal forms of business: sole proprietorship and partnership
- •Vocabulary
- •Unit 11 limited company (corporation)
- •Vocabulary
- •Unit 12 marketing. General approach
- •Vocabulary
- •Text 2 The Four Ps
- •Text 2 Management Functions
- •Unit 14 finance and balance sheet
- •Vocabulary
- •Text 1 Why Finance?
- •Text 2 The Balance Sheet
- •Text 3 What is Accounting?
- •Users of Accounting Information
- •Text 4 The Development of Accounting Thought
- •Unit 15
- •Active vocabulary
- •Text 1 Britain's Banking and Financial Institutions
- •Второй банк Америки
- •Unit 16 money Active vocabulary
- •Text 1 Money and its functions
- •The medium of exchange
- •Other functions of money
- •Different kinds of money
- •Text 2 American and English Money
- •Литература
Text 2 The Balance Sheet
Financial statements are the final product of the accounting process. They provide information on the financial condition of a company. The balance sheet, one type of financial statement, provides a summary of what a company owns and what it owes on one particular day.
Assets represent everything of value that is owned by a business, such as property, equipment and accounts receivable. On the other hand, liabilities are the debts owed by a company - for example, to suppliers and banks. If liabilities are subtracted from assets (assets - liabilities), the amount remaining is the owners' share of a business. This is known as owners' or stockholders' equity.
One key to understanding the accounting transactions of a business is to understand the relationship of its assets, liabilities, and owners' equity. This is often represented by the fundamental accounting equation: assets equal liabilities plus owners' equity.
Assets = Liabilities + Owners' Equity
These three factors are expressed in monetary terms and therefore are limited to items that can be given a monetary value. The accounting equation always remains in balance; in other words, one side must equal the other.
The balance sheet expands the accounting equation by providing more information about the assets, liabilities, and owners' equity of a company at a specific time (for example, on December 31, 1999). It is made up of two parts. The first part lists the company assets, and the second part details liabilities and owners' equity. Assets are divided into current and fixed assets. Cash, accounts receivable, and inventories are all current assets. Property, buildings, and equipment make up the fixed assets of a company. The liabilities section of the balance sheet is often divided into current liabilities (such as accounts payable and income taxes payable) and long-term liabilities (such as bonds and long-term notes).
The balance sheet provides a financial picture of a company on a particular date, and for this reason it is useful in two important areas. Internally, the balance sheet provides managers with financial information for company decision-making. Externally, it gives potential investors data for evaluation of the company's financial position.
Переведите на русский язык подчеркнутые выражения.
Переведите на английский язык.
Баланс фирмы представляет собой документ, отражающий в стоимостном выражении ее активы и источники их формирования на определенную дату, обычно на конец квартала или года. Он составляется на основе данных бухгалтерского учета и разделяется на две равновеликие группировки показателей - актив и пассив. В активе показатели группируются по составу и размещению средств, в пассиве - по источникам их формирования. В годовых отчетах баланс приводится на начало и конец финансового года.
Баланс отражает взаимосвязь активов фирмы и источников их формирования. Он позволяет проводить анализ зависимости фирмы от внешних источников финансирования, структуры собственного и привлеченного капитала, а также его использования в хозяйственном обороте.
В практике фирм встречаются различные формы составления баланса. Наиболее распространенной из них является форма двусторонней таблицы, в левой части которой, называемой активом, указываются состав и размещение средств, которыми располагает фирма, в правой, называемой пассивом, -источники финансирования ее деятельности.