IV Answer the questions:

1. What are the most important qualities for hair?

2. What hairstyles do fashion magazines suggest?

3. What is the best style for a long face?

4. How must your hairstyle be maintained?

5. How often do women go to the hairdresser?

6. What is a result of a permanent waving?

7. Why do women use combing out?

V Complete the sentences with the words from the text:

1. A …… needs a style that cuts across the square corners at the temples and is full around the jaw.

2. Clean healthy … is the basis of any hair style.

3. More women can colour their hair safely and achieve a …..

4. … are synthetic or soapy detergents in liquid, gel and lotion form.

5. The hair is wrapped around plastic … and treated with a permanent wave … .

6. Semipermanent rinses make hair slightly darker and can effectively cover … .

7. The final step in creating a hair style is to … the hair.

VI Find the English equivalents to the words:

рідина, тимчасовий, постійний, розчісувати, перукар, фарбування, підборіддя, кучерявий, об'єм, лак для волосся

VII Make up sentences with the terms:

hair colouring, natural effect, permanent waving, length, cutting, gray hair, bang

VIII Give definitions to the words and phrases:

easy-to-manage style, hairdresser, hair colouring, permanent waving, to create, hair spray, shampoo

IX Translate the sentences into English:

1. Коли ви обрали свій стиль зачіски, його необхідно підтримувати регулярним миттям, укладками та стрижкою.

2. Сухе волосся миють раз на тиждень, жирне волосся – кожного дня.

3. Існує три види фарбування волосся.

4. Деякі жінки, у яких пряме волосся, хочуть зробити постійну завивку.

5. Кожен мріє про здорове, сяюче, зручне для укладки волосся.

6. Широке підборіддя може бути візуально зменшене за допомогою широкого чуба.

X Speak on the topic using the following words and word-combinations:

hair style, cutting hair, hairdresser, washing, colouring, permanent waving, combing out, to create.

TEXT B

I Read and remember:

1. hairdressing перукарська справа

2. to arrange the hair вкладати волосся

3. to fasten закріпляти

4. the lowly бідні люди

5. renunciation відмова, відречення

6. maiden незаміжня жінка

7. matron одружена жінка

8. wig перука

II Read the text and define the main idea of it: The Art of Hairdressing

Hairdressing is the art of arranging the hair or otherwise modifying its natural state. Hairdressing has been an important part of the dress of both men and women since antiquity and, like dress, serves a number of functions.

Almost all societies have found it necessary to cut or arrange the hair. They arranged their hair to fulfill man's basic desire for personal adornment. One extremely important function of hair styling, especially in traditional preindustrial societies, is to indicate status. Primitive men, for example, fastened bones, feathers, and other objects in their hair to impress the lowly and frighten the enemy with their rank and prowess. Noble rank among the ancient Gauls was indicated by long hair, which Caesar made them cut off as a sign of submission when he conquered them. The religious significance of hair is seen in the shaved heads of Christian and Buddhist monks, indicating renunciation of the world, and in the single long lock on the shaved heads of Muslim men, by which, they believed, Allah would pull them up to heaven.

Hair arrangement could also proclaim age and marital status. Boys in ancient Greece cut their hair, and Hindu boys shaved their heads when they reached adolescence. In medieval Europe maidens wore uncovered flowing hair, while matrons bound theirs under veils. As a sign of mourning the ancient Egyptians, whose heads were usually shaven, grew long hair, and long haired Hindu widows cut off their hair.

From the late Middle Ages, hair styles in the West have been greatly influenced by changing fashion. In the 17th century, for example, courtiers followed the lead of the balding Louis XIV, who wore a wig. In the 20th century women of all classes eagerly followed the example of film stars.

Until the 20th century, fashionable hair styles generally were limited to the upper classes, and the dictates of fashion were relatively rigid. Today, with the general increase in wealth, the improvement in mass communication, and the trend toward informality and individualism, women and men in all classes can choose the style and colour of their own hair or of a wig that best suit their needs and tastes.

III Make up a plan of the text.

IV Translate the paragraph in italics in a written form.

V Questions for discussion:

1. When did people start to arrange the hair?

2. How did primitive men indicate status?

3. Why did Caesar make Gauls to cut off their long hair?

4. How could hair arrangement proclaim marital status?

5. What can you tell about the 20th century hair styles?

6. How do different religions influence the hair style?

VI Render the text in brief in a written form.

VII Practise reading the dialogue with your partner.

A: I’m going to spend tomorrow morning at the hairdresser’s.

B: Is it necessary to go there tomorrow?

A: I need a new perm, so I shall be there for several hours. I always go to the same place, so they know just how I like them to do my hair.

B: I suppose everybody has to go to the hairdressers at some time or other. I ought to go this week too, but I’ve no spare time. I really must make an appointment for the next week.

A: Do you need a new perm or colouring?

B: Oh, no, my hair needs cutting and I’ll have it shampooed at the same time.

A: How easy it is for men! They can have their hair cut at any time without having to make appointment beforehand and they don’t have to spend a whole afternoon sitting at the hairdresser’s having a perm.

B: No, but they have to shave every day. Even if they have a beard, it has to be trimmed.

VIII Give the main idea of the dialogue in your own words.

IX Make up your own dialogues using the key words and expressions from the unit.

TEXT C

I Mind the following words:

1. mercury ртуть

2. lead свинець

3. advent прихід, прибуття, поява

4. adhesive клей

5. blemish дефект, недолiк

6. deformity деформацiя

7. blindness слiпота

8. expenditures витрати

II Listen to the text. Decide if the statements are true or false.

1. The first archaeological evidence of cosmetics usage was found in Ancient Greece.

2. In the western world, the advent of cosmetics was in the middle ages.

3. Queen Victoria declared makeup acceptable only for use by upper classes.

4. Cosmetics led to negative effects: deformities, blindness and even death.

5. The worldwide annual expenditures for cosmetics are estimated at 18 billion dollars.