УЧРЕЖДЕНИЕ ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ

«БАРАНОВИЧСКИЙ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННЫЙ УНИВЕРСИТЕТ»

ФАКУЛЬТЕТ СЛАВЯНСКИХ И ГЕРМАНСКИХ ЯЗЫКОВ

КАФЕДРА ГРАММАТИКИ И ФОНЕТИКИ АНГЛИЙСКОГО ЯЗЫКА

Учебно-методические материалы

Для обеспечения

контролируемой самостоятельной работы студентов (КСР)

по учебной дисциплине «Практическая грамматика»

для специальностей 1-02 03 06 Иностранный язык (английский). Дополнительная специальность 1-02 03 06-01 Английский язык. Немецкий язык 1-02 03 08 Иностранный язык (английский). 1-й курс

Всего КСР- 6 часов, 2 семестр Из них: ПЗ – 6 ч.

Материалы подготовлены Пытель О.П., преподавателем кафедры, магистром педагогических наук (в соответствии с Положением о контролируемой самостоятельной работе студентов БарГУ, утверждённым 26.06.2012 № 01-16)

Барановичи, 2012 г.

Тема: «Артикль. Система артиклей»

1. Краткая аннотация

Данные учебно-методические материалы предназначены для студентов 1 курса факультета славянских и германских языков при организации КСР по теме «Артикль. Система артиклей». Комплекс заданий, направленный на достижение поставленных целей и задач КСР, разработан в соответствии с учебной программой по дисциплине «Практическая грамматика».

Цель темы — совершенствование грамматических навыков употребления артиклей в английском языке.

Задачи:

• углубить теоретические знания студентов об особенностях употребления артиклей в английском языке;

• овладеть грамматическими навыками, достаточными для реализации коммуникативных намерений в устной и письменной речи;

• развивать память, логическое мышление и воображение студентов.

2. Тематический план

1 курс, 2 семестр

Тема: «Артикль. Система артиклей»

3. Список основной литературы:

1. Блох, М.Я. Теоретическая грамматика английского языка: Учеб./ М.Я.Блох — 3-е изд., испр. — М.: Высш.шк.,2000. — 381 с.

2. Карневская, Е.Б. Английский глагол: действительный и страдательный залог: Учеб. пособие / Е.Б.Карневская [ и др.]; под ред. Е.Б. Карневской, З.Д.Курочкиной. – Мн.: Аверсэв, 2005. – 416с.

3. Каушанская, В. Л. Практическая грамматика английского языка/В.Л. Каушанская. – Мн.: Высшая школа, 1973. – I часть, стр.135

Список дополнительной литературы:

1. Качалова, К.Н., Израилевич, Е.Е. Практическая грамматика английского языка с упражнениями и ключами / К.Н.Качалова, Е.Е.Израилевич, ЮНВЕС: ЛИСТ—Москва, 2000. – стр.185

2. Thomson, A. J., Martinet A.V. A Practical English Grammar/ A.J. Thomson, A.V. Martinet. - Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001. – 140 c.

4. Информационный блок

The Article

Main Cases of the use of the Indefinite Article

The Indefinite Article has the following meanings:

1. nominating meaning (we give a name to the object we have in mind):

eg. It’s a bus (not a car).

2. numeral meaning (= the meaning of oneness):

eg. I have a son and a daughter.

3. generalizing meaning (when the noun is used in a general sense and denotes a typical member of class. The article has the meaning of “every”):

eg. A hungry man is an angry man.

4. in the plural no article is used:

eg. Cats are domestic animals.

The Indefinite Article is used:

1. to denote something which has not been mentioned before:

e.g. I’ve just seen a car coming up a driver. There’s a spider in the bus.

2. when the speaker presents the object expressed by the noun as belonging to a certain class. It has the meaning of “какой-то”, “один”, “некий”:

eg. It’s a teenager novel (not for grown-ups).

3. in apposition (приложение):

eg. His aunt, an old woman of 56, was also present there.

4. in exclamatory sentences after WHAT, SUCH, RATHER, QUITE:

eg. What a nice girl!

Plural nouns take zero article: eg. What nice girls!

5. with nouns denoting time, measure, weight and with numerals: hundred, thousand, million, dozen, score:

e.g. A week has passed. The case weighs a hundred pounds. We go there twice a fortnight.

6. in the construction “there is / was” and after “It is… This is….” with a singular countable nouns:

eg. There is a book on the table.

7. with professions, trades, occupations: eg. He is a lawyer.

8. in expressions of frequency: e.g. twice a week; fifty pounds a day.

9. to denote two things that are often mentioned together as though they are one thing: e.g. a knife and fork; a cup and saucer.

10. to denote somebody’s name when we don’t know the person:

e.g. There is a Mr. Wilkins to see you.

11. with ordinal numerals in the meaning of «ещё один»: e.g. a second cup of coffee.

The Indefinite Article is used in some set expressions:

a lot of	a great deal of,	at a speed of	at a distance
a great number of	in a loud/low voice	at a time when	a good deal
it’s a pity	to be in a hurry	to have a mind	as a rule
a few/ a little	to fly into passion	to have a cold	at a flash
all of a sudden	as a result of	to have a seat	in a whisper
as a matter of fact	at a time/ at a glance	to take a seat	to keep a secret
for a short/long time	to get in a fury/in a rage	to have a headache	to tell a lie
it’s a shame	to be at a loss	to go for a walk	to put an end to
to give a permission	to have a good time	to have a smoke	to give smb a hand

The Article

Main Cases of the use of the Definite Article

The Definite article has the meaning of definiteness = specifying meaning. It arises from the previous mention of the noun in the context. eg. We have a house in the country. The house is small.

The Definite Article is used:

1. when the situation makes the object definite, when the speaker and listener know what particular object is meant: eg. Open the door, please.

2. when the speaker uses an attribute pointing out particular objects (a particularizing attribute): eg. This is the flat I live in.

3. with nouns in word-groups the first element of which is SOME, NONE, MOST, MANY and the second noun with the preposition OF:

eg. Most of the ladies looked pleased.

4. with nouns denoting unique things: eg. The sun was bright.

5. to denote something which is unique in some way:

e.g. Which is the tallest building in the world?

6. with nouns modified by adjectives in the superlative degree:

eg. This is the shortest story.

7. with nouns modified by the pronoun SAME, NEXT, WRONG, RIGHT, VERY, ONLY, LAST: eg. He asked the same question.

8. with nouns modified by the ordinal numeral: eg. I’m reading the first chapter.

9. the definite article has a generic meaning when the noun is used in a general sense and denotes the whole class: eg. The telephone was invented in the 19^th century.

When the noun MAN is used in a general sense no article is used:

eg. Woman is man’s helpmate.

10. with the name of a group of mountains: the Alps, the Himalayas

11. with the name of a canal, river, sea, ocean: the Atlantic, the Mississippi

12. with the names of certain countries: e.g. the United States; the Lebanon

13. with the name of hotels, theatres, museums/galleries, cinemas, restaurants/pubs, newspapers, ships (+ the names with of):

e.g. the Hilton / the Sheraton / the British Museum / the Tower of London

14. to denote somebody we visit regularly: She has gone to the doctor/dentist.

15. with an adjective used as a noun referring to a group of people:

e.g. the sick / the injured / the rich / the young

16. with an adjective used as a noun describing a nationality:

e.g. the Japanese / the Asians

17. with the names denoting the whole family: e.g. the Simons

18. with the date (in speech): e.g. March the twenty-fifth

19. to denote somebody in an official position: e.g. the Pope / the President / the Queen

The Definite Article is used in some set expressions:

in the morning	in the evening	out of the question	at the latest
in the night	in the country	to make the bed	at the weekend
on the right/left	on the one/other hand	to do the washing up	at the time
on the whole	the day before yesterday	to keep the house	for the most part
the other day	to go to the theatre	to lay the table	the sooner the better
to play the piano	to tell the truth	under the influence	in the end
to pass the time	all the same	to make the most	on the phone
at the moment	in the distance	to tell the time	to tell the time
in the original	in the shade	on the safe side	in the doorway
on the spot	in the dark	in the sun	in the middle of

The Article

We do not use an article before:

1. the plural form of a countable noun when it is used in a general sense:

e.g. I buy magazines about computers. I like music.

2. an uncountable noun when it is used in a general sense:

e.g. She hates dishonesty. Many people are afraid of death.

3. the name of a language: e.g. She speak fluent German.

4. an adjective, unless the adjective is followed by a noun:

e.g. Her husband is tall. (She is married to a tall man.)

5. an airport or train station: e.g. Gatwick Airport / Charing Cross Station

6. a university: e.g. London University

7. a shop or bank named after people: e.g. Barclays Bank / McDonald’s

8. a church or cathedral: e.g. St. Martin’s Church / St. Paul’s Cathedral

9. a meal: e.g. have lunch / dinner

10. a disease or illness: e.g. Cancer causes a lot of suffering.

11. a street or road: e.g. Oxford Street / Fifth Avenue

12. a mountain or continent: e.g. Mount Everest; Europe / Asia

13. a country, country, state, etc.: e.g. Holland / Brixton / Texas

14. a lake: Lake Geneva / Lake Ontario

15. a school, college, church, prison when we are not focusing on the particular one:

e.g. He was sent to prison.

5. a hospital, university, etc. when we think of the purpose of the institution, not the building: e.g. He is in hospital.

6. a way of traveling: e.g. go by car / bus / train

The Zero Article is used in some set expressions:

At first/last	For nothing	Out of rule
At first sight	In detail	(be) out of breath
At present	In case	On business
At night/noon/midnight	In cash	On fire
At peace/war	In charge of	On foot
At work	In common	(be) on sale/for sale
By accident	In connection with	Be in debt
By chance	In vain	Be on strike
By mistake	Keep(be) in touch	Be in bed
Fall(be) in love	Keep house	Be in contact with
From beginning to end	Out of doors	Put in order
From North to South	(go) out of mind	Take to heart