Вариант № 2

I. Перепишите предложения, определите в каждом из них видовременную форму и залог глагола- сказуемого, переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. The construction of this house will be completed in a month.

2. The cargo had been shipped to the town.

3. Which of the four men smoking by the fireplace is Ben?

4. The guide showed some pictures to a group of tourists.

5. Instructions are being given to them now.

6. She smiled remembering the joke.

7. Methods used by the scientist are the most effective.

8. All the business letters will have been answered by noon.

II. Перепишите предложения и переведите их на русский язык, найдите и подчеркните инфинитив и причастие, определите функцию инфинитива и причастия в предложении.

1. The only sound to be heard was the ticking of the grandfather's clock downstairs.

2. To go to the park on that rainy day was impossible.

3. I read the story the second time so as to memorize the details..

4. The first thing we did was to switch on the computer.

5. To keep the instruments in order we must place them in the instrument box.

III. Перепишите предложения, найдите и подчеркните объективный и субъективный инфинитивные обороты, переведите на русский язык.

1. We want this crop to produce good yields.

2. The farm is said to have produced high yield of wheat..

3. They seem to have heard all about this problem.

4. He heard someone call his name.

5. She wanted her children to go to bed.

IV. Перепишите предложения с независимым причастным оборотом, переведите их.

1. The experiment being demonstrated, all the students understood everything.

2. I went to Moscow, my friend living there.

3. The farmer having used new equipment, the work on the farm was made very quickly.

V. Прочитайте и переведите текст.

Text A

NATURAL ENVIRONMENT

The natural environment encompasses all living and non-living things occurring naturally on Earth or some region thereof. It is an environment that encompasses the interaction of all living species. The concept of the natural environment can be distinguished by components:

Complete ecological units that function as natural systems without massive human intervention, including all vegetation, microorganisms, soil, rocks, atmosphere and natural phenomena that occur within their boundaries.

Universal natural resources and physical phenomena that lack clear-cut boundaries, such as air, water, and climate, as well as energy, radiation, electric charge, and magnetism, not originating from human activity.

The natural environment is contrasted with the built environment, which comprises the areas and components that are strongly influenced by humans. A geographical area is regarded as a natural environment.

It is difficult to find absolutely natural environments, and it is common that the naturalness varies in a continuum, from ideally 100% natural in one extreme to 0% natural in the other. More precisely, we can consider the different aspects or components of an environment, and see that their degree of naturalness is not uniform. If, for instance, we take an agricultural field, and consider the mineralogic composition and the structure of its soil, we will find that whereas the first is quite similar to that of an undisturbed forest soil, the structure is quite different.

Natural environment is often used as a synonym for habitat. For instance, when we say that the natural environment of giraffes is the savanna.

Text B

MINE REHABILITATION

Modern mine rehabilitation aims to minimize and mitigate the environmental effects of modern mining, which may in the case of open pit mining involve movement of significant volumes of rock. Rehabilitation management is an ongoing process, often resulting in open pit mines being backfilled.

After mining finishes, the mine area must undergo rehabilitation.

Waste dumps are contoured to flatten them out, to further stabilize them against erosion.

If the ore contains sulfides it is usually covered with a layer of clay to prevent access of rain and oxygen from the air, which can oxidize the sulfides to produce sulfuric acid.

Landfills are covered with topsoil, and vegetation is planted to help consolidate the material.

Dumps are usually fenced off to prevent livestock denuding them of vegetation.

The open pit is then surrounded with a fence, to prevent access, and it generally eventually fills up with groundwater.

Tailings dams are left to evaporate, then covered with waste rock, clay if need be, and soil, which is planted to stabilize it.

For underground mines, rehabilitation is not always a significant problem or cost. This is because of the higher grade of the ore and lower volumes of waste rock and tailings. In some situations, stopes are backfilled with concrete slurry using waste, so that minimal waste is left at surface.

The removal of plant and infrastructure is not always part of a rehabilitation programme, as many old mine plants have cultural heritage and cultural value. Often in gold mines, rehabilitation is performed by scavenger operations which treat the soil within the plant area for spilled gold using modified placer mining gravity collection plants.