Контрольное задание №2

Для того чтобы правильно выполнить задание №2, необходимо усвоить следующие разделы курса английского языка по рекомендованному учебнику.

1. Страдательный залог (Passive Voice) видовременных форм Indefinite, Continuous, Perfect.

2. Неличные формы глагола. Инфинитив в функции: а) подлежащего, б) составной части сказуемого, в) определения, г) дополнения и е) обстоятельства цели.

3. Сложные формы инфинитива и причастия.

4. Обороты, равнозначные придаточным предложениям: объектный инфинитивный оборот; независимый (самостоятельный) причастный оборот.

Образец выполнения 1 задания:

The students were given methodical instructions.

Студентам дали методические указания.

Past Indefinite Passive

Образец выполнения 3 задания:

We want the method to be applied at their plant. This method is reported to be applied at their plant.

Мы хотим, чтобы этот метод применяли на их заводе. Сообщают, что этот метод применяется на их заводе.

Образец выполнения 4 задания:

Having done a given number of operations, the machine stopped automatically. A given number of operations having been done, the machine stopped automatically.

Проделав заданное количество операций, машина автоматически остановилась. После того, как было проделано заданное количество операций, машина автоматически остановилась.

Вариант № 1

I. Перепишите предложения, определите в каждом из них видовременную форму и залог глагола- сказуемого, переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. Many wonderful discoveries have been made by the scientists.

2. I helped the gardener in the garden.

3. The atomic equipment is being installed in our laboratory.

4. A new house was built near the park last year.

5. The problem of mechanization will be discussed at the conference.

II. Перепишите предложения и переведите их на русский язык, найдите и подчеркните инфинитив и причастие, определите функцию инфинитива и причастия в предложении.

1. She never misses a chance to show her importance.

2. Vegetables grown in hot- houses are not very rich in taste.

3. To say such a thing to a child was ridiculous.

4. Knowing how fond he is of good music, I brought him a few records.

5. Our plan was to travel on foot.

6. We stopped to buy her flowers.

7. Look! He is dancing with Olga!

8. In order to speak to Ivanov you must come at 5 o'clock.

III. Перепишите предложения, найдите и подчеркните объективный и субъективный инфинитивные обороты, переведите на русский язык.

1. This method is said to have many advantages.

2. The performance is expected to be a success.

3. I felt somebody touch me lightly on the shoulder.

4. They seem to know all about this problem.

5. He made her re-write the letter.

IV. Перепишите предложения с независимым причастным оборотом, переведите их.

1. Plants having great importance in our life, we grow them.

2. The professor spoke about agricultural problems, the lecture being illustrated by diagrams.

3. Workers went home, it having begun to rain.

V Прочитайте и переведите текст.

Text A

LIFE

Evidences suggest that life on Earth has existed for about 3.7 billion years. All known life forms share fundamental molecular mechanisms, and based on these observations, theories on the origin of life attempt to find a mechanism explaining the formation of a primordial single cell organism from which all life originates. There are many different hypotheses regarding the path that might have been taken from simple organic molecules via pre-cellular life to protocells and metabolism.

Although there is no universal agreement on the definition of life, scientists generally accept that the biological manifestation of life is characterized by organization, metabolism, growth, adaptation, response to stimuli and reproduction. Life may also be said to be simply the characteristic state of organisms. In biology, the science of living organisms, "life" is the condition which distinguishes active organisms from inorganic matter, including the capacity for growth, functional activity and the continual change preceding death.

A diverse array of living organisms (life forms) can be found in the biosphere on Earth, and properties common to these organisms—plants, animals, fungi, protists, archaea, and bacteria—are a carbon- and water-based cellular form with complex organization and heritable genetic information. Living organisms undergo metabolism, maintain homeostasis, possess a capacity to grow, respond to stimuli, reproduce and, through natural selection, adapt to their environment in successive generations. More complex living organisms can communicate through various means.

Text B

WATERWAY RESTORATION

Waterway restoration is the activity of restoring a canal or river, including special features such as warehouse buildings, locks, boat lifts, and boats. In the United Kingdom, Canada and the United States, the focus of waterway restoration is on improving navigability, while in Australia the term may also include improvements to water quality.

Due to competition from the railways and the narrow design of most UK canals (which prevented the carriage of economically sized bulk loads), large parts of the UK's canal system were abandoned in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The rise of the leisure industry in the 1950s meant that the complete abandonment of the remaining canals was avoided.

The increasing use of canals for leisure purposes led some people to consider restoring some of those that had been abandoned. At first, progress was slow due to the lack of funding, with most of the work having to be done manually by volunteers.

As the leisure industry grew, the economic benefits of having a canal became more apparent and some state funding started to appear. At the same time public interest increased the size of various volunteer groups.

At the present time, canal restoration in the UK is carried out by a mixture of volunteers and professionals working on a large variety of projects.