6. Переведите текст на русский язык, обращая внимание на залог сказуемого.

What are the reasons?

Many great cities of the world were built hundreds of years ago. During their long history some of them were destroyed several times for one reason or another, and then rebuilt.

London, for instance, was burnt down in the great fire of 1666.

When Napoleon’s army entered Moscow in 1812, the city was nearly empty and in flames. Most of the houses were soon destroyed by the fire, and many were badly damaged.

A lot of beautiful cities were left in ruins after the World Wars.

Serious damage is done to cities and villages by floods, hurricanes and earthquakes and still more by wars and industrial pollution.

2. Перепишите предложения, определите в них временную форму сказуемого. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. The mail is usually brought at 9 p.m. 2. Are the orders always fulfilled in time? 3. It’s a pity the lecture wasn’t taped. 4. All the machines have been tested, and the results have been written down and filed. 5. The telly hasn’t been switched off, I’m afraid. 6. The appointment has been called off, hasn’t it? 7. Who has been appointed head of the delegation? 8. If we use the old methods, a lot of time may be wasted, and very little will be achieved. 9. When can the new equipment be installed? 10. The experiment will be described in several journals.

Темы устной речи

MY FAMILY

I want to tell you about my family. I have got mother, father, a sister, and a brother; there are 5 of us in the family.

First of all I'll tell you some words about my parents. My mother is a teacher of biology. She likes her profession very much. She is a good-looking woman with fair hair. She is forty-five but she looks much younger. She is not tall but slim. By character my mother is energetic and talkative. My mother keeps house and takes care of us. She is good at cooking.

My father is a strong-willed man. My father is a broad-shouldered man with short black hair and grey eyes. He is forty-six. My father often sings and when we are at home and have free time I play the guitar and we sing together.

My parents have been married for twenty-six years. They have much in common, but they have different views on music, books, films and sports. For example, my father likes detective stories and my mother likes fantasy. My father is fond of sports. My parents have the same opinion about our education and upbringing. My parents are hard-working people.

My sister Helen is twenty-five. She is married and has a family of her own. She works as an accountant in a company. Her husband is a scientist. They have got a daughter and a son. They go to kindergarten.

My brother Boris is eleven. Boris takes after his father in appearance and character. He is tall and thin. His features are regular. People find him sociable. He wants to be a pilot but he is not sure yet.

We have a lot of relatives. Our grandparents are retired. My aunts, uncles, cousins live in different parts of Russia. On holidays they often come to our place. Our family is very united. We like to spend time together. Sometimes we stay at home and watch TV or just talk, and on weekends we go out of town. We are always happy to be together, and I think that we are a friendly family.

MY SPECIALITY

(для студентов специальности «Комплексное использование и охрана водных ресурсов»)

I’m a second-year student of the Faculty of Nature Management. I’m studying to be an engineer in the field of water resources management.

Water resources are sources of water that are useful to humans. Uses of water include agricultural, industrial, household, recreational and environmental activities. All of these human uses require fresh water.

Fresh water is a renewable resource, yet the world's supply of clean, fresh water is steadily decreasing. Water demand already exceeds supply in many parts of the world.

As a specialist in this area I’ll be responsible for the rational utilization of water resources and for the protection of environment. I’ll also take part in the construction and reconstruction of irrigation projects.

It is estimated that 69% of worldwide water use is for irrigation. That’s why we study different irrigation methods such as furrow and overhead sprinkler irrigation, drip or trickle irrigation, surge irrigation, and some other. We learn how to apply different types of sprinkler systems. Any system that is improperly managed can be wasteful. All methods have the potential for high efficiencies under suitable conditions, appropriate irrigation timing and management. We must learn how to improve irrigation methods and technologies, agricultural water management, and water monitoring.

Water pollution is one of the main concerns of the world today. Sewage, sludge, garbage, and even toxic pollutants are all dumped into the water. It is very important to find solutions to reduce this problem. Water protection is one of the main tasks for the specialists in water resources management.

MY SPECIALITY

(для студентов специальности «Землейстройство и кадастры»)

I study at Altai State Agricultural University. I am a second-year student of the Faculty of Natural Resources Management. I am studying to be an engineer in the field of land surveying.

Called "Geomatics" in Canada and much of Europe, land surveying is known as the world's second-oldest profession. It dates back to ancient Egypt and Babylonia. Surveying is the art and science of measuring and mapping land. The main task of the surveyor is determining where people's land boundaries are located. Without this service, railroads could not be built, skyscrapers could not be erected, and individuals could not put up fences around their yards. We also stake out boundaries of roads to be built, monitor skyscrapers to make sure they are being erected vertically, and measure airports so that the runways are perfectly aligned and smooth.

Surveying is a vital part of the design and construction process. We perform boundary surveys to tell people where their property is, map the topography of land for engineering design, establish elevations of homesites for flood insurance, perform title surveys for real estate transactions, certify that structures are built according to design. We also map slopes and areas, river bottoms, write legal descriptions that are used to describe pieces of property, map and layout corridors for tunnels, roads, airports, pipelines, cellular networks and railroads, and split up properties into new lots, such as subdivisions.

In order to become qualified specialists the students of our faculty every summer get practice in the suburbs of Barnaul. There we learn how to use such devices as GPS or Global Positioning System, a distance meter, and a theodolite. GPS is a tool we use for precise positioning of points. It operates through satellites which send out signals to our receiver. The receiver then transmits those signals to our data collector, which stores the data. After we get it into the office, we download the data into the computer, and the computer software resolves from the data the exact position of our point within a few millimeters.

The primary function of the field surveyor is measuring, mapping, and observing. Our most important tool for these purposes is our total station. It's given this name because it incorporates a distance meter for measuring distances and a theodolite for measuring angles into one instrument.

I’m sure that my profession is a very promising one. I hope I’ll be able to find a good well-paid job when I graduate from the university in three years.

BRITISH AGRICULTURE

Agriculture, one of Britain's most important industries, supplies nearly two-thirds of the country's food. British agriculture is efficient, for it is based on modern technology and research.

Nearly 80% of the land is used for agriculture. The total agricultural acreage of Great Britain is about 45,000,000 acres. Soils vary from the poor ones of highland Britain to the rich fertile soils in the eastern and south-eastern parts of England.

Britain is self-sufficient in milk, eggs, to a very great extent in meat, potatoes, wheat. However, it needs to import butter, cheese, sugar and some other agricultural products.

There are about 55,000 farms in Britain. They are not large. An average sized farm is about 30-40 acres. There are three main types of farming in Great Britain: pastoral, arable, mixed. 60% of farms are developed mainly to dairying or beef cattle and sheep. Sheep and cattle are reared in the hill and moorland areas of Scotland, Wales, Nothern Ireland and south- western England. Milk production is the first importance in the structure of British agriculture. Pig breeding is carried on in most areas but particularly in southern England, north-east Scotland and Nothern Ireland.

Arable farms are mainly in the eastern part of the country. The main cereal crops in Great Britain are wheat, barley and oats. Rye is grown in small quantities for use as cattle fodder.

Great Britain produces different kinds of fruit: apples, pears, cherries, gooseberries, strawberries, raspberries and others. Potatoes are grown for sale, for fodder and for seed.

Modern machines: tractors, combines and other equipment are used on British farms. But today the main tendency in British agriculture is that small traditional farms are gradually disappearing because they cannot compete with big industrial farms.

Private woods make up 56% of the total forests area in Great Britain. Woodlands cover nearly 2.2 million hectares. Britain's second major source of food is the surrounding sea. The fishing industry provides about 70% of British fish supplies.

Учебное издание

^{АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК}

Методические указания и контрольные задания по основным разделам грамматики для студентов заочной формы обучения факультета природообустройства

Авторы-составители:

Юлия Сергеевна Алешина,

ст. преподаватель кафедры иностранных языков АГАУ;

Оксана Анатольевна Крюкова,

ст. преподаватель кафедры иностранных языков АГАУ;

Алла Аркадьевна Новоселова,

доцент кафедры иностранных языков АГАУ;

Оксана Анатольевна Парпура,

доцент кафедры иностранных языков АГАУ.

Издается в редакции авторов-составителей

Подписано в печать _._.2012 г. Формат 60х84/16.

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