4. Translate the following sentences from English into Russian

Proceed with this mark astern!

Bring B. in line with D.

B. in line with D., about 306º, leads westward of F.

Turn 2 points to starboard!

The channel must be steered for.

Keep close in to the shore.

Keep further from the land towards the shore.

Care must be taken to avoid this shoal.

5. Translate the following sentences from Russian into English

1. Обойдите эти скалы на расстоянии трех кабельтовых!

2. Нужно ли изменить курс? – Измените курс вправо (влево).

3. Не приближайтесь к моему судну!

4. Следуйте за мной!

5. Судам не разрешается подходить к берегу.

6. В гавань входят между А. и В. , обходя северный мыс на большом расстоянии.

7. Здесь надо идти с малой скоростью.

8. На какой предмет нужно править? – Правьте на береговой маяк

9. Правьте на восток до тех пор, пока береговой маяк не придет в створ по истинному пеленгу 278º.

Check yourself Translate the following extract from English into Russian without dictionaries

If entering between Cape Leveque and Alarm Shoal, give the Cape a berth of about 2 miles, then steer for the extreme of Swan Point, bearing 093º, until Leveque Island bears 247º, which bearing, kept on astern, leads in mid-channel between Karakata Rock and Alarm Shoal, or bring South-East Twin Island to bear 050º. When Whirl Islet bears 142º, proceed as directed according to channel chosen.

Unit 8

1. Read and translate the text

Lights

Light must, on a given bearing, maintain a consistent character. Lights exhibit a distinctive appearance by which they are recognized. Those properties of their appearance by which they are distinguished are referred to as the character of the light. The principal characteristics are generally the sequence of intervals of light and darkness exhibited and in some cases the sequence of colors of light exhibited. Lights, which are exhibited without interruption or change of characteristics, are called fixed lights.

Normally, all lights other than fixed lights exhibit a sequence of intervals of light and darkness. The whole sequence is repeated identically at regular intervals. Such lights are called rhythmic lights and the time taken to exhibit one complete sequence is called the period of the light. Each element of the sequence (for example, a flash or eclipse) is called a Phase.

All the rhythmic lights may be divided into the following groups: occulting and group occulting lights, isophase lights, flashing and group flashing lights, quick lights, Morse Code lights as well as fixed and flashing ones.

Rhythmic lights which exhibit different colors during each sequence are called alternating lights. The period of an alternating light is the time taken to exhibit the complete sequence, including all changes of color.

There are other types of lights. They are as follows: main and subsidiary lights, sector lights, leading lights, direction lights, vertical lights, private and occasional lights, etc.

Leading lights may be described as two or more lights associated so as to form a leading line to be followed. Direction light is a light showing over a very narrow sector forming a single leading light. This sector may be flanked by sectors of greatly reduced intensity, or by sectors of different colors or character. Occasional lights are exhibited only when specially needed, for instance a tidal light exhibited only when the tide serves, or fishing light for the use of fishermen and shown when required by them.

2. Learn by heart the following terms relating to the lights. Be ready to decipher the abbreviations

Light Character
1.	F	Fixed	Постоянный
2.	Ос	Single-occulting	Затмевающийся
3.	Ос (2)	Group-occulting	Групповой затмевающийся
4.	Ос (2+3)	Composite-group occulting	Сложногрупповой затмевающийся
5.	Iso	Isophase	Изофазный
6.	Fl	Single-flashing	Проблесковый
7.	Fl(3)	Group flashing	Групповой проблесковый
8.	Fl (2+1)	Composite group flashing	Сложногрупповой проблесковый
9.	LFl	Long-flashing	Длительнопроблесковый
10.	Mo(K)	Morse Code	По Азбуке Морзе
11.	Q	Continuous Quick	Частый (частопроблесковый)
12.	Q(3)	Group Quick	Групповой частый
13.	IQ	Interrupted Quick	Прерывистый частый
14.	VQ	Continuous Very Quick	Очень частый
15.	VQ(3)	Group Very Quick	Групповой очень частый
16.	IVQ	Interrupted Very Quick	Прерывистый очень частый
17.	UQ	Continuous Ultra Quick	Ультрачастый
18.	IUQ	Interrupted Ultra Quick	Прерывистый ультрачастый
19.	FFl	Fixed and flashing	Постоянный с проблесковым
20.	Al	Alternating	Переменный
Colour of lights
21.	W	White	Белый
22.	Y	Yellow, orange, amber	Желтый, оранжевый, янтарный
23.	G	Green	Зеленый
24.	R	Red	Красный
25.	Bu	Blue	Синий
26.	Vi	Violet	Фиолетовый
Light Abbreviations
27.	Lt	Light	Огонь
28.	Fi.	Fishing light	Рыболовные огни
29.	Day	Daytime light	Дневной огонь
30.		Floating	Плавучий
31.	Fog Det. Lt	Fog Detector Light	Туманный огонь
32.		Reserve	Резервный
33.		Duplicate	Дублирующийся
34.	Priv.	Private	Частный
35.		Electric light	Электрический огонь
36.		Flood light	Прожектор
37.		Neon Light	Неоновый огонь
38.		Sector	Секторный
39.	Ldg	Leading light	Створный огонь
40.		Front	Передний
41.		Rear	Задний
42.		High power light	Сильный огонь (свет)
43.		Low power light	Слабый огонь (свет)
44.	Obscd	Obscured	Закрывается
45.	Exting	Extinguished	Погашенный
46.	(U)	Unwatched	Необслуживаемый, автоматический
47.	Occasl.	Occasional	По требованию
48.	Irreg.	Irregular	Нерегулярный
49.	Provl.	Provisional	Временный
50.	Tempy.	Temporary	Временный
51.	Lr.	Lower	Нижний
52.	vertl.	Vertical	Вертикальный
53.	horl.	Horizontal	Горизонтальный
54.	ss	Signal Station	Сигнальная станция
55.	(3)	Number of flashes (eclipses) in group	Количество проблесков (затмений) в группе
56.	10 s	Period in seconds	Период в секундах
57.	20 M	Nominal range in sea miles	Дальность видимости огня в морских милях
58.	120 ft	Height in feet	Высота в футах