Vocabulary:

1. considerable - значний

2. scatter - розкидати, розсипати

3. vessel - судно, корабель

4. vehicle - засоби пересування

5. embrace - обіймати, охоплювати

6. fertile soils - врожайна земля

7. raw materials - сировина

8. crop - врожай, збирати врожай

9. cereals - хлібні злаки

10. legumes - зернобобові

11. rye-жито

12. oats - овес

13. barley - ячмінь

14. cabbage - капуста

15. tomato - помідор

16. cucumber - огірок

17. carrot - морква

18. onion - цибуля

19. garlic - часник

20. trout - форель

21. mink - норка

EXERCISES

1. Translate the text into Ukrainian.

2. Write questions to the parts of the sentences in bold type.

1. Industry is the most important area of Ukraine’s economy.

2. Ukraine has a strong power generation industry.

3. There are 10 nuclear power plants in Ukraine.

4. Seagoing vessels are built at shipyards located in Mykolayiv, Kherson and Kyiv.

5. Ukraine’s food industry is located mostly in the forest- steppe, the steppe, the South.

6. Almost half the cropping area is occupied by cereals.

7. Melon growing is practiced mainly in the south.

8. Animal husbandry is the second-largest component of agriculture.

9. The poultry industry is spread through all the provinces.

10. It is extensively practiced on private plots.

4. Give the four forms of the following verbs:

Have, build, be, grow, spread, find, occupy, play, practice.

4. Give the degrees of comparison of the following adjectives: Important, great, strong, large, widespread, hard, bad, good, strong,

near. i

THE POLITICAL SYSTEM OF UKRAINE

Ukraine is an independent democratic state. It has its own Constitution, higher and local bodies of state power, national emblem, state flag and anthem.

The Ukrainian parliament, the Supreme Rada, is the law making body of the country. The members of the Parliament are elected by the population for a period of four years. They max' belong to different political parties.

The Speaker is the Chairman at all the debates in the Supreme Rada and it is his duty to keep order during the sittings of the Parliament. The Speaker is elected by the members of the Parliament.

The head of the state is the President. The Government of the State is formed by the President.

Ukraine is establishing new relations W’ith countries throughout the world. It is making direct contacts with them. Ukraine is one of the members of the United Nations Organization and it participates in the work of many international organizations.

State system of Ukraine combines the elements of President and Parliamentary Republic. It means that the President is elected by the people, but not by the Parliament. The President acts independently of the Parliament and the Government.

Besides the President of Ukraine there is the Prime Minister and Ministers who %r<r> the Government

Tuv 1» tne nead ot the state ana at ths same time he is at

the head of executive power TKe President is elected for-tMierm of 5 >ctus. ite must De not younger than 35. As a rule he can’t be elected more than two times. The President proposes the candidature of the Prime Minister who is adopted by the Supreme Rada. The President proposes the candidatures who form the Cabinet.

1. he M ite po\\; ^: in Ukraine is divided into throe chief paiv • legislative. executive and judicial. The legislative power is reptcseme-.l by the Supreme Rad'; of Ukraine. It is headed by the Chairman who is elected by the deputies by the secret vote for the term of five years.

The members of the Parliament are the deputies who are elected Lo the Parliament by the people. Each member has his seat, a desk in whiUl papers can be kept.

The members of me Parliament work in the Parliament a? session et in the committees anc in the constituencies where they were voteo for The main task of Ukn-mian Parliament is to create the laws and to adopt them. In Ukrainian Parliament there are 450 dep ities representing a I the regions.

The executive power is represented by the Cabinet of Ministe s with the Prime Minister \t the head. States committees and other structures A5 for the judicial power it is represented by the ' onstitutio u-i Court of I. krame.

EXERCISES

f. Answer the following questions:

1. What state is Ukraine?

2. What fact can prove that Ukraine is an independent democratic state .’

?. Who makes the laws of the country? I

4. Who are the members of the Parliament'.’

5. Who is the Chairman at all the debates',’

5. Who is the government of the state formed b\^1>

7. Is Ukraine the member of the UNO⁰ 8 '-low is the state power div ided in Ukraine"

T Who is the head of the state?

! 0. What is the main task of Ukrainian Parliament?

*' The PrvTdcn с;:і i be elected more than .

6 The Pre.side it proposes....

7. The state power in Ukraine is divided....

8. The legislative power is represented by....

9. The main task of Ukrainian Parliament is to...

10. The judicial power is represented by...

Ш. Find in the text the English equivalents to the following:

Незалежний, державна влада, герб, гімн. Верховна Рада, глава держави, Організація Об’єднаних Націй, приймає участь, міжнародна організація, прем’єр-міністр, уряд, як правило, законодавча влада, виконавча, судова, таємне голосування, створювати і приймати закони, на чолі, Конституційний суд України.

4. Make up the plan to the text.

i'. Imagine that you are writing an article about i'h,nine for the ” European Encyclopedia". Give facts about Ukraine's population, territory. climate, industry. agriculture, political у stem. etc.

FLaG, AST HUM i ND THE STA IE EMBLEM OF UKRAINE

On August 24. 19/1 the Supreme Rada of Ukraine adopted ane proclaimed the \ct of Ukraine’s Independence. The Act proclaimed the independence *.tf Ukraine and the formation of the sovereign Uktainiar State.

On December L, 1901 the Ukrainian people expressed their wiii as for Independence of Ukraine by the results ot the Referendum.

Every st?te has its symbols. Ukraine has its symbols too: the national anthem, the Hag and the state emblem. Our national flag consists of two horizontal blue and yellow stripes. The blue stripe symL-.-lizes our blue sky. The yellow stripe means a rich harvest of wheat. On January 28, 1992 the Supreme Rada of Ukraine decided the national blue and yellow flag to be the state flag of our country'

The state emblem of the country was adopted by the Supreme Rada on February 19, 1992. It is a golden trident on a pentagonal blue background.

A song is a soul of people. National anthem is the highest expression of the people's peace-loving desire and aspirations. «The brightest . expression of national patriotic feelings of Ukrainians has appeared in the poem by Pavlo Chubinsky “Hasn’t Died Ukraine Yet”. More than one century it has been accompanied by Mikhailo Verbytsky.

EXERCISES

1. Read the text and make the written translation.

2. Copy out of text all the words with digraphs ai, ei, ee, oo. on. ow and transcribe them

3. Make up as many sentences as you can with the new words.

/) . Put the verbs in brackets in the correct tense-form:

1. The Act (to proclaim.' the independence of Ukraine.

2. Every state (to have) us symbols.

3. fhe state emblem of the country ( to adopt ) by the Supreme Rada.

4. A song (to be) a soul of people.

5. The brightest expression of national patriotic feelings (to appear) in the poem by Pavlo Chubinsky.

6. More than one century it ( to accompany) by Mikhailo

Verbyisky.

THE CONSTITUTION OF UKRAINE

The Constitution of Ukraine was adopted¹ by the Supreme Rada of Ukraine on June 28, 1996. It consists of 15 chapters" dealing with the political, social and economic structure of the Ukrainian State.

Chapter one of the Constitution is about the genera! principles of Ukrainian statehood. Article one reads that Ukraine is a sovereign⁴ and

independent, democratic, social, law-based state Ukraine is a unitarian state, that is united, indivisible. Its lands were united in 1 34> and finally in 1945 As to the form of the government Ukraine r- ; republic. It has single citizenship. All power in Ukraine belongs to ‘he people. State power in Ukraine is divided into three branches: legislative, executive and judicial. The principle rule of law is recognized and guaranteed* in Ukraine. The Constitution of Ukraine is the highest legal authority'.

Ukraine as an independent state has three national symbols: the National Flag of Ukraine: the National Emblem the Trident : the '•National Anthem of Ukraine.

The Ukrainian language has been granted an official status.¹' Chapter two of the Constitution is devoted to human rights and freedoms provided for the citizens of Ukraine.

Under tb Constitution every person enjoys and exercises a lot of human rights: e right to life, to respect of his/her dignity, to work, to education, to health protection and medical aid. to maintenance' , etc Every person has the right to freedom of thought and speech. Article 35 reads that even, person has the right to freedom of conscience ‘ and religion 'The state provides a seres of duties for the citizens to carry out, such as^: to protect the surroundings, to preserve historical ami cultural heritage and othe ■ national values \ to defend the Motherland.