Exercises

1. Translate the new words:

Susceptible, permanent, concrete, tile, tighty, well drained, adjacent, worm.

2. What rules should the owner of hogs observe?

3. What other diseases are hogs susceptible to? Prepare reports. Fill in the table.

	Symptoms and causes	Prevention and treatment
Hairless pigs
Pig anemia
Influenza and pneumonia
Internal parasites

Breeding and Improving

The owner should take into consideration the aim pigs are bred for. Lard and bacon types have numerous peculiarities concerning feeding and housing.

It is necessary to provide proper care for sows and their pigs. Besides basical equipment warm comfortable stalls are needed in cold climates.

Feed must be rich in vitamins and minerals, especially iodine and iron. It will help to reduce the risk of dangerous diseases. If any symptoms of illnesses are noticed it is necessary to consult a veterinarian. Timely treatment will keep the number of livestock on the desirable level.

Only profitable producers can provide high quality and quantity of the livestock. In order to select good producers the owner is to inspect the ancestors of an animal.

Proper conditions are of great value in breeding hogs. Water supply and regular feeding are necessary. Shelter must be available in cold climates. Sows should be taken special care of during the farrowing time. Sometimes it is needed to consult a veterinarian expert during the farrowing and post-farrowing time.

Exercises

1. Guess the word by its definition:

a) S…………… - a female pig. b) B……………. – a variety of animals with qualities inherited from their parents. c) L…………….. – a white greasy substance prepared from pig fat and used in cooking. d) H………........ – a male pig. e) P…………… - a record of animal’s ancestors. f) P……………. – carrying out something.

REVISION

Important factors in selecting hogs

Basic rules in housing hogs

Basic rules in breeding and improving hogs

III. Horses

Selecting Horses

Horses are grouped into two general types: work horses and saddle horses.

In selecting a farm work horse, the primary aim is to secure an animal that will pull medium to heavy loads at a reasonable rate for a considerable period of time. In selecting a farm work horse, consider general form, size or weight for age, feet and legs and action. The greater the size or weight of a work horse, the greater the pulling ability.

The age of the horse is an important factor in determinating value. A work horse of five to eight years of age, usually has the highest price.

As with other kinds of livestock, it is important to see the sire and dam and some of the sisters and brothers in order to determine the ability to transmit desired characteristics from generation to generation.

In selecting a stallion the owner should consider the following factors: pedigree, performance and prepotency.

A light (saddle) horse is used for so many different purposes, so many breeds have been developed.

In selecting a horse to race, his ability to run or trot is the most important. In selecting a horse for pleasure riding, sometimes his colour and attractiveness in appearance overbalance all other qualities. In selecting a saddle horse, especially for children to ride, quietness in disposition must overbalance all other qualities.

As far as light horses are concerned, especially those used in racing, for pleasure riding and in exhibitions, good training is necessary so that they will serve their purpose successfully.

In additions to these characteristics, selections are based much more on pedigree and records of close ancestors than on individual appearance.