Drawing
Have you ever watched a small child scribbling with crayons? Although you may not have known it at the time, you were witnessing drawing media in action. The media used in drawing are many and varied. In this lesson, you will learn about several. You will also learn about special ways in which artists use these media. Later, you will experiment using some of them yourself.
THE MEDIA OF DRAWING
The media of drawing are among the most extensive of any area of art. Many of these media coincide with writing materials you use every day. For example, pencils are considered drawing media and so is classroom chalk.
THE ROLE OF DRAWING IN ART
Before you can play ice hockey, you need to be able to skate. Excelling at ice-skating is a stepping-stone to the sport. In much the same way, improving your drawing skills is a stepping-stone to almost all types of art production skills. Fashion designers make drawings of a design before patterns can be made for cutting fabric. Architects need to draw detailed plans, or blueprints, before the actual building of a house can begin. Some painters make sketches, or preliminary drawings, before they put a brush to canvas.
Ex.2. Випишіть п’ять незнайомих вам слів з тексту.
Ex.3. Складіть три запитання до тексту.
Ex.4. Заповніть пропуски:
Although you may not have known it at the time, you were … drawing media in action.
You will also learn about special ways in which … use these media.
Before you can play ice …, you need to be able to skate.
Fashion designers make drawings of a design before … can be made for cutting fabric.
Some painters make sketches, or preliminary …, before they put a brush to canvas.
Питання для самоконтролю:
1. Compare and contrast the effects of three media that are used in drawing.
2. How is drawing used by an architect?
3. How is drawing used by a painter?
Рекомендована література:
1. Gene Mittler, Ph.D. «Exploring Art» Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, 2005
2. Gene Mittler, Ph.D. «Introducing Art» Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, 2005
Unit 12. How Artists Use Proportion and Distortion
Як митець використовує пропорцію та викривлення
Ex. 1. Прочитайте та перекладіть текст:
How Artists Use Proportion and Distortion
Many artists use correct proportions in their work. They want every viewer to recognize the person, place, or thing being shown. These artists use correct proportion to create illusions of reality. This ability to show objects as though they were real seems magical to many viewers. Other artists choose exaggeration and distortion to create works with unusual expressive qualities.
Realistic Proportion
During the Renaissance in Italy, there was a renewed interest in art and literature. Ancient Greek and Roman sculptures were discovered, and artists were inspired to create works with the realistic proportions of the ancient masters. To better understand the human body, the artists Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo Buonarroti dissected cadavers in secret because dissection was illegal at that time. Michelangelo’s statue of David is an outstanding example of Renaissance proportional accuracy. The artist was asked to create a bigger than life size figure of David (Figure 11.1) for the facade of the Cathedral in Florence. When it was finished, the people decided that it was too important to be placed high up on the cathedral. Instead, it was placed in the main square and became a symbol of the city of Florence.
Figure
11.1
Exaggeration and Distortion
Figure
11.2
Some artists use exaggeration and distortion rather than realistic proportion to convey their ideas and feelings. Exaggeration and distortion are deviations from expected, normal proportions. They are powerful means of expression. Artists can lengthen, enlarge, bend, warp, twist, or deform parts or all of the human body. By making these changes, they can show moods and feelings that are easily understood by viewers. The exaggeration used by the artist in Figure 11.2 lets us know how the woman feels. In the past, movie stars of the silent screen had to exaggerate facial expressions and body language to convey meaning without words. If you have ever seen an old silent movie, you have probably laughed at the exaggerated eyelid movements used to express meaning. It takes study and skill to use exaggeration and distortion effectively. Before an artist can distort a person or an object, he or she must study perception drawing and anatomy of the human figure. It takes knowledge to know what to exaggerate and how to distort images effectively.
Ex.2. Випишіть десять незнайомих вам слів з тексту: «Harmony in art», «Emphasis in art».
Ex.3. Складіть чотири запитання до тексту.
Ex.4. Заповніть пропуски:
They want every viewer to … the person, place, or thing being shown.
This ability to show objects as … they were real seems magical to many viewers.
To better understand the human body, the artists Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo Buonarroti … cadavers in secret because dissection was illegal at that time.
When it was finished, the people … that it was too … to be placed high up on the cathedral.
Artists can lengthen, enlarge, bend, warp, twist, or … parts or all of the human body.
If you have ever seen an old silent movie, you have … laughed at the exaggerated eyelid movements used to express meaning.
It takes knowledge to know what to … and how to distort images effectively.
Питання для самоконтролю:
1. How do exaggeration and distortion affect proportion?
2. Why do artists use distortion?
Рекомендована література:
1. Rosalind Ragans, Ph.D. «Art Talk – Interactive Student Edition ( 4th Ed)» Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, 2005
2. Gene Mittler, Ph.D. «Introducing Art» Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, 2005
Unit 13. Л. Давінчі
Ex.1. Напишіть реферат на тему: «Л. Давінчі»
Питання для самоконтролю:
Цікаві факти з життя Л. Давічі.
Творчість Л. Давічі.
Рекомендована література:
1. Гужва Т.М. «Англійські розмовні теми: 67 тем:Навч. Посібник для студентів фак. Інозем. Філології». –Харків: Фоліо, 2005.
2. А. Волкова, Г. Погожих «Усі англійські розмовні теми» Торсінг плюс, 2010.
Unit 14. Програми для цифрового мистецтва