- •Введение
- •1 Use these words to strengthen vocabulary
- •2 Read the text. Point out new information
- •3 Find the definition of automation. Explain the origin of the word “automation”
- •4 Make up dialogues with your group mates using information from the text
- •5 Translate into English. Write down and memorize the unknown words and word-combinations
- •1 Use these words to strengthen vocabulary
- •2 Read the text. Point out new information
- •3 Prepare the brief annotation of the text
- •4 Translate into English. Write down and memorize the unknown words and word-combinations
- •Text 3 early developments of automation
- •1 Use these words to strengthen vocabulary
- •2 Read the text. Point out new information
- •1 Use these words to strengthen vocabulary
- •2 Read the text. Point out new information
- •3 Answer the following questions. If you need scan the text again
- •Автоматизация и электроника
- •1 Use these words to strengthen vocabulary
- •2 Read the text. Be ready to comment on:
- •Sources of power available to accomplish some automated action
- •Two types of the actions performed by automated systems
- •Use these words to strengthen vocabulary
- •2 Read the text. Point out new information
- •Give extended answers to the following questions:
- •4 Choose the necessary information about five basic components of feedback control system from the text and use it in your summary
- •5 Translate into English. Write down and memorize the unknown words and word-combinations
- •Text 7 machine programming
- •1 Use these words to strengthen vocabulary
- •2 Read the text. Point out new information.
- •3 Comment on:
- •4 Try to arrange the text in the form of abstract
- •5 Translate into English. Write down and memorize the unknown words and word-combinations
- •1 Use these words to strengthen vocabulary
- •Read the text. Point out new information
- •Answer the following questions. When you answer these questions don’t repeat exactly what the text says
- •4 Speak on: The development of robotics.
- •1 Use these words to strengthen vocabulary
- •2 Read the text. Point out new information
- •3 Explain the definition of an industrial robot. Do it in dialogues of your own
- •4 Speak on the applications of the industrial mechanical manipulator
- •5 Translate into English. Write down and memorize the unknown words and word-combinations
- •1 Use these words to strengthen vocabulary
- •2 Read the text. Be ready to comment on:
- •Text 11 manufacturing applications of automation and robotics
- •1 Use these words to strengthen vocabulary
- •Use these words to strengthen vocabulary
- •2 Read the text. Point out new information
- •3 Give extending answers to the following questions:
- •4 Speak on: Specific processing operations along an automated production line
- •5 Translate into English. Write down and memorize the unknown words and word -combinations
- •1 Use these words to strengthen vocabulary
- •2 Read the text. Point out new information
- •1 Use these words to strengthen vocabulary
- •2 Read the text. Point out new information
- •Автоматическая сборка
- •1 Use these words to strengthen vocabulary
- •2 Read the text. Try to grasp both the central idea and the details. Be ready to speak on:
- •3 Translate into English. Write down and memorize the unknown words and word-combinations
- •1 Use these words to strengthen vocabulary
- •2 Skim through the text to determine the general idea
- •3 State briefly in some sentences what the flexible manufacturing system is
- •1 Use these words to strengthen vocabulary
- •2 Read the text. Be ready to speak on:
- •1 Use these words to strengthen vocabulary
- •2 Read the text. Point out new information
- •3 Find the additional information about the applications of automation in the transportation industries and use it in your summary
- •1 Read the text. Point out new information
- •State briefly what the text is about
- •1 Use these words to strengthen vocabulary
- •1 Use these words to strengthen vocabulary
- •2 Read the text. Be ready to speak on:
- •1 Read the text. Be ready to speak on:
- •Text 22 advantages and disadvantages of automation
- •1 Use these words to strengthen vocabulary
- •2 Read the text. Point out new information
- •3 Summarize the information given in the text about:
- •Advantages of automation
- •Disdvantages of automation
- •Part II
- •Texts for supplementary reading
- •Text1 industrial robotics
- •Use these words to strengthen vocabulary
- •2 Read the text
- •3 Write one expository essay with the introduction, conclusion, and at least three body paragraphs
- •1 Use these words to strengthen vocabulary
- •2 Read the text. Point out new information
- •1 Use these words to strengthen vocabulary
- •3 Give a brief summary of the text
- •1 Use these words to strengthen vocabulary
- •2 Read the text. Point out new information
- •3 Speak on:
- •Computer-aided manufacturing
- •Computer-aided design
Введение
Данное учебное пособие предназначено для студентов, обучающихся по направлению подготовки: «Автоматизированные системы»
Оно составлено в соответствии с требованиями программы по изучению иностранных языков, которая определяет главную цель обучения как «формирование умения самостоятельно читать литературу по специальности с целью извлечения информации из иноязычных источников».
Целью учебного пособия является совершенствование коммуникативных навыков по специальности, а так же перевода и беспереводного понимания английской технической литературы.
Учебное пособие включает тексты для фронтальной работы в аудитории с разнообразными упражнениями. Они могут служить материалом для бесед, сообщений, докладов на протяжении всего курса обучения. Список слов перед текстом предназначен для создания опоры для понимания содержания текста. Задания после текстов направленны на расширение словарного запаса, на умение извлечь нужную информацию из оригинального текста и вести беседу в дискуссионной форме на основе прочитанной информации.
Завершающим этапом работы над каждым текстом является перевод текста с русского языка на английский, что способствует прочному запоминанию лексики и тренировке грамматических явлений.
Материалом для пособия послужил ряд оригинальных источников на английском языке.
UNIT 1
TEXT 1 AUTOMATION
1 Use these words to strengthen vocabulary
to imply – обозначать, подразумевать
self-governing system – саморегулирующаяся система
unaffected – незатронутый, безучастный
to coin – создавать
to attribute – приписывать, относить
manufacturing context – производственная связь
substitution – подмена, замена, подстановка, замещение
human intelligence – интеллект
feedback control – управление при обратной связи
to ensure – гарантировать, обеспечивать
execution – исполнение, выполнение
human intervention – участие оператора, вмешательство оператора
to surpass – превосходить
to accomplish – выполнять, совершать, завершать
to mature – созревать, развиваться
anthropomorphic – антропоморфический (антропоморфизм – перенесение присущих человеку свойств на явления природы (предметы))
a sequence of motions – последовательность движений
spot-welds – сварные точки
sheet-metal – металлические листы
2 Read the text. Point out new information
The application of machines to tasks once performed by human beings or, increasingly, to tasks that would otherwise be impossible. Although the term mechanization is often used to refer to the simple replacement of human labour by machines, automation generally implies the integration of machines into a self-governing system. Automation has revolutionized those areas in which it has been introduced, and there is scarcely an aspect of modern life that has been unaffected by it.
The term automation was coined in the automobile industry about 1946 to describe the increased use of automatic devices and controls in mechanized production lines. The origin of the word is attributed to D.S. Harder, an engineering manager at the Ford Motor Company at the time. The term is used widely in a manufacturing context, but it is also applied outside manufacturing in connection with a variety of systems in which there is a significant substitution of mechanical, electrical, or computerized action for human effort and intelligence.
In general usage, automation can be defined as a technology concerned with performing a process by means of programmed commands combined with automatic feedback control to ensure proper execution of the instructions. The resulting system is capable of operating without human intervention. The development of this technology has become increasingly dependent on the use of computers and computer-related technologies. Consequently, automated systems have become increasingly sophisticated and complex. Advanced systems represent a level of capability and performance that surpass in many ways the abilities of humans to accomplish the same activities.
Automation technology has matured to a point where a number of other technologies have developed from it and have achieved a recognition and status of their own. Robotics is one of these technologies; it is a specialized branch of automation in which the automated machine possesses certain anthropomorphic, or humanlike, characteristics. The most typical humanlike characteristic of a modern industrial robot is its powered mechanical arm. The robot's arm can be programmed to move through a sequence of motions to perform useful tasks, such as loading and unloading parts at a production machine or making a sequence of spot-welds on the sheet-metal parts of an automobile body during assembly. As these examples suggest, industrial robots are typically used to replace human workers in factory operations.