9. Передайте содержание текста на русском языке.

*10. Перескажите текст на английском языке.

Job security

Job security is the probability that an individual will keep his or her job; a job with a high level of job security is such that a person with the job would have a small chance of becoming unemployed.

Job security is dependent on economy, prevailing business conditions, and the individual's personal skills. It has been found that people have more job security in times of economic expansion and less in times of a recession. Also, some laws bolster job security by making it illegal to fire employees for certain reasons. Unemployment rate is a good indicator of job security and the state of the economy and is tracked by economists, government officials, and banks.

Typically, government jobs and jobs in education, healthcare and law enforcement are considered very secure while private sector jobs are generally believed to offer lower job security and it usually varies by industry, location, occupation and other factors.

Personal factors such as education, work experience, job functional area, work industry, work location, etc., play an important role in determining the need for an individual's services, and impacts their personal job security. Since job security depends on having the necessary skills and experience that are in demand by employers, which in turn depend on the prevailing economic condition and business environment, individuals whose services are in demand by employers will tend to enjoy higher job security.

To some extent, job security also varies by employment laws of each country. A worker in Continental Europe, if asked about his job security, would reply by naming the type of statutory employment contract he has, ranging from temporary (no job security) to indefinite (virtually equivalent to 'tenure' in US universities but across the whole economy).

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Text 15 national security

1. Выпишите в свой словарик с транскрипцией и переведите следующие слова и словосочетания. Найдите и подчеркните их в тексте. Отработайте чтение этих слов.

Authorities, conventional foe, cartel,  diplomacy, espionage, requirement, emergency preparedness measures, intelligence services, counterintelligence services, economic power, power projection, political power, initially, military might, in order to, natural disasters, severe environmental damage, to compel cooperation, to ensure resilience and redundancy, to encompass, to espouse, to facilitate cooperation, to impinge, to implement civil defense, to marshal economic power, to rally allies.

2. Прочитайте и переведите следующие предложения, обращая внимание на числительные.

1. In 1974 the top-rate of income tax increased to its highest rate since the war, 83%.

2. This applied to incomes over £20,000, and combined with a 15% surcharge on 'un-earned' income (investments and dividends) could add to a 98% marginal rate of personal income tax.

3. In 1974, just 750,000 people were eligible to pay the top-rate of income tax.

4. Margaret Thatcher, who favoured indirect taxation reduced personal income tax rates during the 1980s.

5. In the first budget after her election victory in 1979, the top-rate was reduced from 83% to 60% and the basic rate from 33% to 30%.

6. The basic rate was also cut for three successive budgets - to 29% in the 1986 budget, 27% in 1987 and to 25% in 1988.

7. The top-rate of income tax was cut to 40% in the 1988 budget.