Text 13 welfare state

1. Выпишите в свой словарик с транскрипцией и переведите следующие слова и словосочетания. Найдите и подчеркните их в тексте. Отработайте чтение этих слов.

Social well-being, equality of opportunity, equitable distribution of wealth, income gap, public responsibility, redistributionist taxation, a progressive tax, a transfer of funds.

2. Прочитайте и переведите следующие предложения, обращая внимание на числительные.

1. Since 2005 automotive sector jobs have experienced very low job security, and since 2007, real estate and mortgage related jobs have seen a big decrease in job security.

2. In 1960 5% of men ages 30–55 were unemployed whereas roughly 13% were unemployed in 2006.

3. According to data from the 2010 National Health Interview Survey, 32% of all of current workers experienced job insecurity, defined as being worried about becoming unemployed.

4. Job insecurity was higher for men than women, workers aged 30-64 compared with other age groups, divorced or separated workers compared with other relationship statuses, and workers having less than a high school diploma compared to workers having more education.

5. Workers in the construction industry had the highest prevalence rate of job insecurity (55%).

3. Переведите данные словосочетания. Составьте с ними предложения.

welfare agency

welfare aid

welfare benefit

welfare criterion

welfare economics

employee welfare manager

4. Подчеркните в тексте все местоимения, переведите их и определите их разряд.

5. Найдите в тексте все неличные формы глагола (инфинитив, герундий, причастие I / причастие II). Переведите предложения с ними.

6. Определите и укажите время и залог выделенных сказуемых, переведите их, учитывая временную отнесенность.

7. Поставьте к тексту 5 вопросов (общий, специальный, вопрос к подлежащему, альтернативный и разделительный):

8. Переведите текст, пользуясь словарем. Отработайте чтение текста.

Обратите внимание на произношение и значение следующих слов:

Nordic ['nɔːdɪk]

Iceland ['aɪslənd]

Sweden ['swiːd(ə)n]

Norway ['nɔːweɪ]

Denmark ['denmɑːk]

Finland ['fɪnlənd]

democracy [dɪ'mɔkrəsɪ]

equality [ɪ'kwɔlətɪ]

equitable ['ekwɪtəbl]

healthcare [ˈ helθˌke(ə)r]

key [kiː]

provision [prə'vɪʒ(ə)n]

sociologist [ˌsəuʃɪ'ɔləʤɪst]

to classify ['klæsɪfaɪ]

to identify [aɪ'dentɪfaɪ]

variety [və'raɪətɪ]

T.H. Marshall ['mɑːʃ(ə)l]

redistributionist taxation [ˌriːdɪstrɪ'bjuːʃ(ə)nist tæk'seɪʃ(ə)n]

progressive tax [prə'gresɪv tæks]

Thomas Humphrey Marshall - Маршалл, Томас Хамфри (1893-1981; британский социолог и историк; в книге Citizenship and Class (1950) сформулировал вопросы в области гражданских прав, которые стали началом многих современных дискуссий).

9. Передайте содержание текста на русском языке.

*10. Перескажите текст на английском языке.

Welfare state

A welfare state is a "concept of government in which the state plays a key role in the protection and promotion of the economic and social well-being of its citizens. It is based on the principles of equality of opportunity, equitable distribution of wealth, and public responsibility for those unable to avail themselves of the minimal provisions for a good life. The general term may cover a variety of forms of economic and social organization." The sociologist T.H. Marshall identified the welfare state as a distinctive combination of democracy, welfare, and capitalism.

Modern welfare states include the Nordic countries, such as Iceland, Sweden, Norway, Denmark, and Finland which employ a system known as the Nordic model. The welfare state involves a transfer of funds from the state, to the services provided (i.e. healthcare, education) as well as directly to individuals ("benefits"). Esping-Andersen classified the most developed welfare state systems into three categories: Social Democratic, Conservative, and Liberal.

The welfare state is funded through redistributionist taxation and is often referred to as a type of "mixed economy". Such taxation usually includes a larger income tax for people with higher incomes, called a progressive tax. This helps to reduce the income gap between the rich and poor.

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