- •Lecture1 The theoretical and methodological aspects of translation
- •List of literature used and recommended
- •Translation as a notion and subject. Interpretation.
- •2. The object of translation theory, the problems which the translatology studies.
- •3. Interrelation with other disciplines.
- •4. Stages of translation process.
- •5. Types of translation.
- •6. Pragmatic adaptation.
- •7. Linguistic and extralinguistic aspects.
- •8. Context.
- •Lecture 2 a short historical outline of European and Ukrainian translation.
- •List of literature used and recommended.
- •1. The earliest mentions of translation, the translation development during ancient times until 500ad.
- •2. Translation and interpretation during the Middle Ages.
- •3. Translation during the Renaissance period.
- •4. Translation during the period of classicism and Enlightenment.
- •5. The epoch of Romanticism and establishment of the principles of faithful translation in Europe.
- •6. Translation in Kyivan Rus’ during the 10th–13th centuries and in Ukraine during the 14th–16th centuries.
- •7. The Kyiv Mohyla Academy and revival of translation activities in Ukraine.
- •8. Translation during the years of Ukraine’s independence and early Soviet rule, post-war period, during the last decade of the 20th century.
- •Lecture 3 Lexicological aspects of translation. Methods and ways of translating various proper names.
- •Literature used and recommended
- •Methods and ways of translating various proper names.
- •1. Rules and methods of Romanization of different Ukrainian proper nouns.
- •2. The main rules of conveying English sounds in Ukrainian translation of proper names.
- •3. Conveying the names of companies, corporations, firms.
- •Lecture 4 Units of international lexicon and ways of rendering their meaning and lingual form.
- •Literature used and recommended
- •1. Identification of international lexicon units.
- •2. Ways of conveying the lexical meaning of genuine internationalisms.
- •3. Translating of loan internationalisms.
- •Units of nationally biased lexicon and ways of their translation
- •Literature used and recommended
- •4. Карабан в.І. Translation from Ukrainian into English. – в.: Нова книга, 2003. –607 с.
- •1. Units of nationally biased lexicon and ways of their translation
- •2. Ways of rendering the meaning of nationally biased units of lexicon.
- •2. The ways of faithful rendering of the idiomatic / phraseological expressions.
- •3. Transformation of some idioms in the process of translating.
- •Карабан в.І. Translation from Ukrainian into English. – в.: Нова книга, 2003. –607 с.
- •Ways and means of expressing modality in English and Ukrainian.
- •1. The lexico-grammatical expression of modality through modal verbs.
- •1.1. Can / could.
- •1.2. May / might – to be permitted / to be allowed
- •1.3. Must expresses strong obligation, duty, necessity -
- •1.4. Have to
- •1.7. Need
- •1.8. Dare
- •2. English modal verbs having not always modal verb equivalents in Ukrainian.
- •3. Ways of conveying the meaning of subjective modality.
- •4. Grammatical modality and mean of expressing it.
- •Lecture 8 Transformations in the process of translation.
- •Literature used and recommended
- •1. Бідасюк н. В., Бондар р. В. Практикум перекладу. – в.: Нова книга, 2003. –431 с.
- •3. Карабан в.І. Translation from Ukrainian into English. – в.: Нова книга, 2003. –607 с.
- •Transformations in the process of translation.
- •2. Lexical, grammatical, lexico-grammatical transformations in the process of translation.
- •2.1. Grammatical transformation.
- •2.2. Lexical transformations.
- •2.3. Lexico-grammatical transformations.
- •3. Objectively and subjectively conditioned transformations of lexical units in the process of translation.
3. Ways of conveying the meaning of subjective modality.
The speaker conveying the event or action mentioned as assumptive or suggestive, as likely or unlikely to take place. That is why this type of modality is referred to as “subjective modality”.
Modals which have a hypothetical meaning: perhaps, maybe, evidently, scarcely, no possibility – певно, напевно, десь-то, навряд, справді.
Subjective evaluation by the speaker. Modals: certainly, of course, surely, definitely, indeed, naturally, no doubt, in fact. Surely he is mad - Він і справді з глузду з’їхав.
4. Grammatical modality and mean of expressing it.
Grammatical (syntactic) modality is of common nature in English and Ukrainian as well. It expresses actions viewed upon as real, unreal, optative, hypothetic, conditional, interrogative, incentive. The principles means of expressing are mood form of the verb (indicative, imperative, subjunctive).
Mean of expression in English and Ukrainian of optative (wishful), incentive, subjunctive modality.
Way of expressing the meaning of optative modality. (бажальна)
The main ways and means are syntactic: sentence structures, the use of auxiliary and modal verbs (to be, should, could, let), utterance intonation.
Ukrainian modal particles: б, би, аби, щоби, бодай, десь, хай, хоч, чи не, коли б. Я її либонь побачу. – I might see her.
жаль, шкода – wish with regret. I wish I had met him when he was younger. – Шкода, що я не зустріла його, коли він був молодшим.
б/би – I would like he were a tree or a flower. – Хотів би я, щоб він був деревом чи квіткою.
Way of expressing incentive modality (спонукальної).
It is often expressed through the modal verb let – хай, нехай. Let each tailor mend his own coat. – Хай кожен займається своєю справою
Particle long with may and corresponding intonation expresses хай, хай же exclamatory Ukrainian sentences. May our Motherland live long! – Хай же квітне наша Батьківщина!
Ways of expressing subjunctive modality are mostly common with this employed to express optative modality: could, should, would, might, would rather, would sooner.
some particle б/би, conjunction якби
Should Carry come, ask her to wait. – На випадок, якби прийшла Керрі, попросіть її зачекати.
If (якби, коли б)
If had any stranger been prowling round the house, he would have been seen by the servant or the keepers. – Никав би був хтось сторонній попід будинком, його був би помітив слуга чи то сторожі.
Lecture 8 Transformations in the process of translation.
1. Translator’s transformations. Inner / implicit and outer / explicit transformations.
2. Lexical, grammatical and lexico-grammatical transformations in the process of translation.
3. Objectively and subjectively conditioned transformations of lexical units in the process of translation. Translation of stylistically neutral lexis; stylistically evaluative lexis; culturally biased national specific units of lexicon.