- •Lecture1 The theoretical and methodological aspects of translation
- •List of literature used and recommended
- •Translation as a notion and subject. Interpretation.
- •2. The object of translation theory, the problems which the translatology studies.
- •3. Interrelation with other disciplines.
- •4. Stages of translation process.
- •5. Types of translation.
- •6. Pragmatic adaptation.
- •7. Linguistic and extralinguistic aspects.
- •8. Context.
- •Lecture 2 a short historical outline of European and Ukrainian translation.
- •List of literature used and recommended.
- •1. The earliest mentions of translation, the translation development during ancient times until 500ad.
- •2. Translation and interpretation during the Middle Ages.
- •3. Translation during the Renaissance period.
- •4. Translation during the period of classicism and Enlightenment.
- •5. The epoch of Romanticism and establishment of the principles of faithful translation in Europe.
- •6. Translation in Kyivan Rus’ during the 10th–13th centuries and in Ukraine during the 14th–16th centuries.
- •7. The Kyiv Mohyla Academy and revival of translation activities in Ukraine.
- •8. Translation during the years of Ukraine’s independence and early Soviet rule, post-war period, during the last decade of the 20th century.
- •Lecture 3 Lexicological aspects of translation. Methods and ways of translating various proper names.
- •Literature used and recommended
- •Methods and ways of translating various proper names.
- •1. Rules and methods of Romanization of different Ukrainian proper nouns.
- •2. The main rules of conveying English sounds in Ukrainian translation of proper names.
- •3. Conveying the names of companies, corporations, firms.
- •Lecture 4 Units of international lexicon and ways of rendering their meaning and lingual form.
- •Literature used and recommended
- •1. Identification of international lexicon units.
- •2. Ways of conveying the lexical meaning of genuine internationalisms.
- •3. Translating of loan internationalisms.
- •Units of nationally biased lexicon and ways of their translation
- •Literature used and recommended
- •4. Карабан в.І. Translation from Ukrainian into English. – в.: Нова книга, 2003. –607 с.
- •1. Units of nationally biased lexicon and ways of their translation
- •2. Ways of rendering the meaning of nationally biased units of lexicon.
- •2. The ways of faithful rendering of the idiomatic / phraseological expressions.
- •3. Transformation of some idioms in the process of translating.
- •Карабан в.І. Translation from Ukrainian into English. – в.: Нова книга, 2003. –607 с.
- •Ways and means of expressing modality in English and Ukrainian.
- •1. The lexico-grammatical expression of modality through modal verbs.
- •1.1. Can / could.
- •1.2. May / might – to be permitted / to be allowed
- •1.3. Must expresses strong obligation, duty, necessity -
- •1.4. Have to
- •1.7. Need
- •1.8. Dare
- •2. English modal verbs having not always modal verb equivalents in Ukrainian.
- •3. Ways of conveying the meaning of subjective modality.
- •4. Grammatical modality and mean of expressing it.
- •Lecture 8 Transformations in the process of translation.
- •Literature used and recommended
- •1. Бідасюк н. В., Бондар р. В. Практикум перекладу. – в.: Нова книга, 2003. –431 с.
- •3. Карабан в.І. Translation from Ukrainian into English. – в.: Нова книга, 2003. –607 с.
- •Transformations in the process of translation.
- •2. Lexical, grammatical, lexico-grammatical transformations in the process of translation.
- •2.1. Grammatical transformation.
- •2.2. Lexical transformations.
- •2.3. Lexico-grammatical transformations.
- •3. Objectively and subjectively conditioned transformations of lexical units in the process of translation.
3. Translating of loan internationalisms.
International loan units can be rendered into Ukrainian in one of the three ways:
- by direct translation of the componental parts without changing considerably their structural form: coefficient of efficiency - коефіцієнт корисної дії, compound nominal predicate - складений іменниковий присудок.
- with the help of componental translation and some replacements, omissions or substitutions arising from the national peculiarities of the TL: foreign trade - зовнішня торгівля (не іноземна), living standard - життєвий рівень (не стандарт).
- with the help of descriptive translation: digital computer - цифрова обчислювальна машина, pluralia tantum - іменники, що вживаються тільки в множині.
Lecture 5
Units of nationally biased lexicon and ways of their translation
1. Units of nationally biased lexicon.
2. Ways of rendering the meaning of nationally biased units of lexicon:
a) by transcription or transliteration exclusively;
b) by transcription or transliteration and explication;
c) by descriptive explaining (explication only);
d) by translation of componental parts and additional explication of units of the nationally biased lexicon;
e) by ways of word-for-word or loan translation;
f) translating by means of semantic analogies.
Literature used and recommended
1. Баранцев К.Т. Англо-український фразеологічний словник. - К. Радянська школа, 1996. - 1052 с.
2. Зорівчак Р.П. Фразеологічна одиниця як перекладознавча категорія. - Львів: Вища школа, Вид-во при Харків. ун-ті, 1983.
3. Карабан В. І. Переклад англійської наукової і технічної літератури-Ч. ІІ. - Нова книга, 2001. -300с.
4. Карабан в.І. Translation from Ukrainian into English. – в.: Нова книга, 2003. –607 с.
4. Корунець І. В. Теорія і практика перекладу. -В.: Нова книга, 2001.- 446 с
5. Кунин А.В. Фразеология современного английского языка. - М.: Международные отношения,1972.
6. Удовиченко Г.М. Фразеологічний словник української мови: В 2т.-К.,1984.
7. J.Seidl/McMordie W. English Idioms and How to Use Them. -M.: Высшая школа, 1983.
8. Spears R.A., Georgeoliani D. Essential American Idioms. -Lincolnwood (Chicago) NT С Publishing Group, 1997.
1. Units of nationally biased lexicon and ways of their translation
Each nation in the course of its historical development acquires a great number of features characteristic of the nation only and not pertained to any other, even to genealogically related nation. The distinguishing features are materialized in words and word-groups designating customs, traditions, folk rites and feasts, etc. They are:
- religious traditions expressed through proper names (Івана Купала, Ireland’s St. Patrick, American Uncle Sam.)
elements in governmental, election systems, monetary system (penny, dollar, hryvnia)
the titles of address and the ways of conduct, some articles of clothing, footwear (Scottish kilt, tartan, вишиванка, American Indians' moccasins)
national meal, beverages
national systems of weights and measures (English mile, ounce, Ukrainian верста, пуд).
They are found in all languages. English: county, custard, muffin, bushel, lady, sir, teller, № 10 Downing Street, Ukrainian: кобзар, веснянка, весільний батько, галушки, кутя, вечорниці, Russian: квас, щі, самовар, колхоз, Дума.
Many nationally biased notions are borrowed into other national languages: bacon, champagne, Coca-Cola, vodka, spaghetti, sweater, pizza. Many of specific national terms have become widely known (Kozak/Cossack, steppe, polka, pudding, lunch, etc.), (kulak, collectivization, cosmonaut). In the course of some historical period some became internationalisms (barter, management, picket, taboo, sauna, oasis). Many culturally biased notions are to be explicated: bingo - бінго (азартна гра типу лото, популярна серед пристаркуватих та одиноких людей), gіn-джин (ялівцева горілка, використовується для приготування коктейлів), рушник-rushnyk (embroidered towel used in every folk rite in Ukraine).
Some units can be rendered without preserving their lingual form: moonlighter- підробітник - той, хто підробляє у вільний час, переважно вечорами.
Sometimes nationally biased units can be directly translated and explicated: alphabet soup - "азбучний суп"(суп з макаронів, що мають форму літер абетки, виховна година - educational lesson (on good behavior and morality of students at school).
Some similar notions exist in different 1anguages: the Order of Merit-орден "За заслуги", класний керівник - tutor/form master, табель успішності й поведінки - pupil's report/record card, Department of Education and Science - міністерство освіти, extension course -курси підвищення кваліфікації, extramural education -заочне/вечірнє навчання.