- •Lecture1 The theoretical and methodological aspects of translation
- •List of literature used and recommended
- •Translation as a notion and subject. Interpretation.
- •2. The object of translation theory, the problems which the translatology studies.
- •3. Interrelation with other disciplines.
- •4. Stages of translation process.
- •5. Types of translation.
- •6. Pragmatic adaptation.
- •7. Linguistic and extralinguistic aspects.
- •8. Context.
- •Lecture 2 a short historical outline of European and Ukrainian translation.
- •List of literature used and recommended.
- •1. The earliest mentions of translation, the translation development during ancient times until 500ad.
- •2. Translation and interpretation during the Middle Ages.
- •3. Translation during the Renaissance period.
- •4. Translation during the period of classicism and Enlightenment.
- •5. The epoch of Romanticism and establishment of the principles of faithful translation in Europe.
- •6. Translation in Kyivan Rus’ during the 10th–13th centuries and in Ukraine during the 14th–16th centuries.
- •7. The Kyiv Mohyla Academy and revival of translation activities in Ukraine.
- •8. Translation during the years of Ukraine’s independence and early Soviet rule, post-war period, during the last decade of the 20th century.
- •Lecture 3 Lexicological aspects of translation. Methods and ways of translating various proper names.
- •Literature used and recommended
- •Methods and ways of translating various proper names.
- •1. Rules and methods of Romanization of different Ukrainian proper nouns.
- •2. The main rules of conveying English sounds in Ukrainian translation of proper names.
- •3. Conveying the names of companies, corporations, firms.
- •Lecture 4 Units of international lexicon and ways of rendering their meaning and lingual form.
- •Literature used and recommended
- •1. Identification of international lexicon units.
- •2. Ways of conveying the lexical meaning of genuine internationalisms.
- •3. Translating of loan internationalisms.
- •Units of nationally biased lexicon and ways of their translation
- •Literature used and recommended
- •4. Карабан в.І. Translation from Ukrainian into English. – в.: Нова книга, 2003. –607 с.
- •1. Units of nationally biased lexicon and ways of their translation
- •2. Ways of rendering the meaning of nationally biased units of lexicon.
- •2. The ways of faithful rendering of the idiomatic / phraseological expressions.
- •3. Transformation of some idioms in the process of translating.
- •Карабан в.І. Translation from Ukrainian into English. – в.: Нова книга, 2003. –607 с.
- •Ways and means of expressing modality in English and Ukrainian.
- •1. The lexico-grammatical expression of modality through modal verbs.
- •1.1. Can / could.
- •1.2. May / might – to be permitted / to be allowed
- •1.3. Must expresses strong obligation, duty, necessity -
- •1.4. Have to
- •1.7. Need
- •1.8. Dare
- •2. English modal verbs having not always modal verb equivalents in Ukrainian.
- •3. Ways of conveying the meaning of subjective modality.
- •4. Grammatical modality and mean of expressing it.
- •Lecture 8 Transformations in the process of translation.
- •Literature used and recommended
- •1. Бідасюк н. В., Бондар р. В. Практикум перекладу. – в.: Нова книга, 2003. –431 с.
- •3. Карабан в.І. Translation from Ukrainian into English. – в.: Нова книга, 2003. –607 с.
- •Transformations in the process of translation.
- •2. Lexical, grammatical, lexico-grammatical transformations in the process of translation.
- •2.1. Grammatical transformation.
- •2.2. Lexical transformations.
- •2.3. Lexico-grammatical transformations.
- •3. Objectively and subjectively conditioned transformations of lexical units in the process of translation.
Lecture 4 Units of international lexicon and ways of rendering their meaning and lingual form.
1. Identification of international lexicon units.
2. Ways of conveying the lexical meaning of genuine internationalisms. Pseudo-internationalisms.
3. Translating of loan internationalisms.
Literature used and recommended
Акуленко В.В. "Англо- русский словарь ложных друзей переводчика".
Граур А. Научно-техническая революция и задачи интернационализации научно-технической терминологии. Интернациональные элементы в лексике и терминологии. - Харьков: Высшая школа, Изд-во при Харьковском ин-те, 1980.
Карабан В. І. Посібник- довідник з перекладу англійської наукової і технічної літератури на українську мову. Частина І-ІІ. - К.: Політична думка, 1997, 1999. − с.150-155.
Карабан В.І.Translation from Ukrainian into English.- B.: Nova Knyha, 2003.-606 c. − c.47-70.
Корунець І. В. Теорія і практика перекладу. − В.: Нова книга, 2001.− 446 с.
Povey J., Walshe I. An English Teacher's Handbook of Educational Terms. 2nd Rev. Ed. - M.: Vyssaja Skola, 1982.
1. Identification of international lexicon units.
Internationalisms are such language units which are borrowed from one and the same source language (SL) by at least three genealogically different 1anguges in the same or similar lingual form and identical meaning (долар, атом, інтерес, директор, театр, etc).
International may be not only words and phrases, but also morphemes-prefixes, suffixes and even inflexions. The most occurring affixes in English and Ukrainian are the following:
1. prefixes: anti-/анти-, ех-/екс-, inter-/iнтep-, trans-транc-, ultra-/ ультра-; as in antibody - антитіло, international - інтернаціональний, transmission - трансмісія, ultraviolet.
2. suffixes: -ar/-ap, -er/-ep, -ist/-ист, -іст; -ssion/-ciя, -tion/- ція, etc as in actor - актор, volunteer - волонтер, humanist - гуманіст, agression - агресія, constitution.
3. Inflexions: -um/-ум (memorandum - меморандум), -us/- ус (radius - радіус), -a/-a (formula - формула), etc. These morphemes are conveyed with the help of the translator's transcription (either translated, transcribed) sometimes, through the combination of both these methods. There is distinguished:
a) the social and political terminology comprising political, economic, philosophical, sociological units of lexicon (audit, bank, parliament, president), terms designating international law, diplomacy, literary terms (drama, poet, hyperbole, epithet, etc.).
b) l history, sciences terminology (physics, genetics, genes, pneumonia, etc.).
c) numerous technical terms (motor, starter, bus, taxi, fax, e- ail, etc.)
Genuine internationalisms never change their lingual (orthographic or sounding) form nor their internationally established meaning (audit, therapeutic, motor). The main characteristic feature of genuine internationalisms is their semantic singularity, i.e. their lexical identity and orthographic similarity in the S L and in all T Ls remains unchanged both at 1anguage level and at speech level.
Translations of loan units of lexicon, loan internationalisms, have a common structural form but rarely a similarity in their orthographic form. They are mostly scientific and technological terms: brake - гальмо, nonconducting - непровідність, government - керування.
Along these two groups there exist many international phraseological expressions. Their fund is constituted by the so-called absolute and near equivalents having a common 1anguage of origin - Greek, Latin or modern. Heel of Achilles - ахіллесова п'ята, sword of Damocles - дамоклів меч, after us the deluge -після нас хоч потоп, the fair sex - прекрасна стать.
A separate subgroup of genuine internationalisms constitute proverbs, sayings, which are used in their original form. Тhеу have become regular mots refer to as barbarisms: status in statu - держава в державі, repetitio est. mater studiorum - повторення – мати навчання, finita la commedia - настав кінець, c'est la vie -таке життя, da ist der Hund begraben! - ось де собака закопаний, O.K., all right - усе гаразд.