- •Lecture1 The theoretical and methodological aspects of translation
- •List of literature used and recommended
- •Translation as a notion and subject. Interpretation.
- •2. The object of translation theory, the problems which the translatology studies.
- •3. Interrelation with other disciplines.
- •4. Stages of translation process.
- •5. Types of translation.
- •6. Pragmatic adaptation.
- •7. Linguistic and extralinguistic aspects.
- •8. Context.
- •Lecture 2 a short historical outline of European and Ukrainian translation.
- •List of literature used and recommended.
- •1. The earliest mentions of translation, the translation development during ancient times until 500ad.
- •2. Translation and interpretation during the Middle Ages.
- •3. Translation during the Renaissance period.
- •4. Translation during the period of classicism and Enlightenment.
- •5. The epoch of Romanticism and establishment of the principles of faithful translation in Europe.
- •6. Translation in Kyivan Rus’ during the 10th–13th centuries and in Ukraine during the 14th–16th centuries.
- •7. The Kyiv Mohyla Academy and revival of translation activities in Ukraine.
- •8. Translation during the years of Ukraine’s independence and early Soviet rule, post-war period, during the last decade of the 20th century.
- •Lecture 3 Lexicological aspects of translation. Methods and ways of translating various proper names.
- •Literature used and recommended
- •Methods and ways of translating various proper names.
- •1. Rules and methods of Romanization of different Ukrainian proper nouns.
- •2. The main rules of conveying English sounds in Ukrainian translation of proper names.
- •3. Conveying the names of companies, corporations, firms.
- •Lecture 4 Units of international lexicon and ways of rendering their meaning and lingual form.
- •Literature used and recommended
- •1. Identification of international lexicon units.
- •2. Ways of conveying the lexical meaning of genuine internationalisms.
- •3. Translating of loan internationalisms.
- •Units of nationally biased lexicon and ways of their translation
- •Literature used and recommended
- •4. Карабан в.І. Translation from Ukrainian into English. – в.: Нова книга, 2003. –607 с.
- •1. Units of nationally biased lexicon and ways of their translation
- •2. Ways of rendering the meaning of nationally biased units of lexicon.
- •2. The ways of faithful rendering of the idiomatic / phraseological expressions.
- •3. Transformation of some idioms in the process of translating.
- •Карабан в.І. Translation from Ukrainian into English. – в.: Нова книга, 2003. –607 с.
- •Ways and means of expressing modality in English and Ukrainian.
- •1. The lexico-grammatical expression of modality through modal verbs.
- •1.1. Can / could.
- •1.2. May / might – to be permitted / to be allowed
- •1.3. Must expresses strong obligation, duty, necessity -
- •1.4. Have to
- •1.7. Need
- •1.8. Dare
- •2. English modal verbs having not always modal verb equivalents in Ukrainian.
- •3. Ways of conveying the meaning of subjective modality.
- •4. Grammatical modality and mean of expressing it.
- •Lecture 8 Transformations in the process of translation.
- •Literature used and recommended
- •1. Бідасюк н. В., Бондар р. В. Практикум перекладу. – в.: Нова книга, 2003. –431 с.
- •3. Карабан в.І. Translation from Ukrainian into English. – в.: Нова книга, 2003. –607 с.
- •Transformations in the process of translation.
- •2. Lexical, grammatical, lexico-grammatical transformations in the process of translation.
- •2.1. Grammatical transformation.
- •2.2. Lexical transformations.
- •2.3. Lexico-grammatical transformations.
- •3. Objectively and subjectively conditioned transformations of lexical units in the process of translation.
2. The main rules of conveying English sounds in Ukrainian translation of proper names.
[æ] - a, e. Angela-Анджела, Енджела, Andy- Енді, Анді.
[٨] - a, y, o. Ulrica- Алріка, Улріка; Ulster- Ольстер, Doug- Даг.
[u:] [ju]-. у,ю. Cooper- Купер, Judy-Джуді, Muriel-М’юріель, Ouse-р.Уз, Purim-Пюрім, Rubens- Рубенс, UNESCO- ЮНЕСКО.
[ð] - is substituted for т, д, з: Caruthers-Карудерс, Карузерс, Brothers- Бразерс, Carmarthenshire- Кармартеншір.
[ө] –т, с, ф (in Greek names): Bath- м. Бат, Dartmouth- Дартмут, but Athos- Афон, Carthage- Карфаген, Картаген.
[ŋ] –нг. Darlington- Дарлінгтон, Goulding- Голдінг.
[l] – л, л Larry-Ларрі, Леррі, Charles- Чарльз, Clinton- Клінтон.
Some componental phonemes may have traditionally established substitutions in separate nouns. Thus,
[w] – may be в or у. Washington- Вашінгтон, Wales- Уельс, Westminster- Весмінстер, Wilde- Вальд, Bristow- Брістоу, Show- Шоу.
So, English proper names are either transcribed or transliterated (or partly transcribed and partly transliterated) in Ukrainian. Mostly transcribed are names surnames containing specific English vowel phonemes: Abe – Ейб, Eli – Ілай, Aileen – Ейлін, Chauncey –Чонсі.
A number of English names are rendered by the way of transliteration only: Barbara, Victor, Adams, Barker, Clark, Wilson, Robert, etc.
Some proper names are transliterated with the omission or addition: McDonald – Макдональд, Dinah – Діна, Judah – Юда.
The bulk of all English proper names are also rendered into Ukrainian with the help of phonological / phonetical level units, i.e., either transcribed or transliterated. Care should be taken in order to avoid the influence of both the lingual and extralingual factors. E. g., the well – known names as Adam, David can be Адам, Давид (Biblical or historical) or Едем, Девід (common people’s names). Similarly with Matthew, Paul, Rachel – Матвій, Павло, Рахіль or Метью, Пол, Рейчел; Pope John Paul II – Папа Іоан Павло ІІ.
Mostly translated are the names of kings, queens, princes, princesses. There are exceptions: King Charles /George – Король Карл, Георг; Queen Elisabeth, Mary Stewart – Королева Єлизавета, Марія Стюарт.
Nicknames of people are almost always translated – King Richard the Lion heart – король Ричард Левине Серце, цар Іван Грозний – Tsar Ivan the Terrible, князь Святослав Хоробрий – Prince Svyatoslav the Brave.
Prince Charles of Wales – mass media gives the wrong translation принц Чарльз instead of Карл.
Indian chief’s names and family names of American Indians are translated: Chingachgook the Big Serpen – Чінгачгук Великий Змій, Hawk’s Eye – Соколине око, John Running Deer – Джон Тікаючий Олень.
A considerable number of English geographical names are rendered into Ukrainian by way of transcription only: Capetown, Dashwood – Дешвуд, Seattle – Сіетл. In recent decades there had been a general tendency to transcribe or transliterate and not translate. Some words are rendered with the help of transcription and partly via transliteration: Birmingham – Бірмінгем, Brighton – Брайтон.
A few proper and geographical names have a traditionally established form which doesn’t reflect their pronunciation or orthographic form: Maine – Meн (штат США), Texas – Texac, Lake Superior – Озеро Верхнє, the Arctic Ocean – Північний Льодовитий океан.
Names of seas, oceans, bays, channels and territories having the structure of word – combinations are translated: the Gulf of Mexico – Мексиканська затока, Закарпаття – Transcarpathian Region of Ukraine, Краснодарський край – Krasnodar Territory; Азовське море – Sea of Azov.
Many geographical names require some identifying element in the TL: the Seychelles - Сейшельські о-ви; Sutherland – Сазерленд (графство Шотландії); Донбас – Donets coal field, Львівщина – Lviv region, oblast.