1] We use reported speech to report statements:

 Note Changing direct speech into indirect speech as the following.

لتحويل الكلام المباشر الى غير مباشر يكون كما يلى نبدأ بقائل العبارة ثم نتبعة ب said /answered /replied

واذا وجدا مخاطب نستخدم told ونذكر المخاطب ثم نحذف الاقواس ونربط ب that ويمكن عدم استخدامها

نحول الضمائر التى بداخل الاقواس الى مايناسب المعنى مثل

نحول الفعل المضارع الى ماضي/// واذا كان الفعل ماضى نحولة الى ماضى تام مثل

{ am/is/are } { was / were }

{ will / shall } { would }

{ visit } {visited}

In spoken English we often omit that in reported sentences.

We can use different words to report direct speech: said,

answered,replied,told etc.when we use told it must be followed by

the person who was told:

Examples:

1] Direct The children said, « we are doing our homework,Mr. Alaa. »

Indirect The children told Mr. Alaa that they were doing their homework.

2] Direct « I've eaten my food, Hala,» said Nehal.

Indirect Nehal told Hala that she had eaten her food.

3] direct The sons said, « We had our dinner, mum..»

Indirect The sons told mum that they had had their dinner.

4] Direct Gehad said, « I was writing my lesson, Mr. Ahmed. »

Indirect Gehad told Mr. Ahmed that she had been writing her lesson.

5] Direct « I did my homework yesterday, Adel.» Ali said.

Indirect Ali told Adel that he had done his homework the day before.

6] Direct « you should do your homework, » dad said.

Indirect Dad told / advised / me that I had to do my homework.

ملحوظة: الحقائق العلمية يكون فعلها كما هو بدون تغير**********************************************

7] direct « The earth goes round the sun, » said the teacher.

Direct The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.

8] Direct Wafaa says, « I feel hungry »

Indirect Wafaa says she feels hungry.

عند التحويل من مباشر الى غير مباشر نستخدم التحويلات الآتية



 اذا كان الحديث المباشر يحتوى على جملتين خبريتين نربطهما معاً بالعبارة

{ And that // and add that }

Direct Tom said, « I know that it is wrong. I shall try to do it better tomorrow »

Indirect Tom said that he knew that it was wrong and added that he would try to do it better

the next day.

 يجب ان لا نغير زمن الجملة اذا كان ذلك سيؤدى الى اضطراب فى المعنى

Direct He said , « My name is Ahmed. »

Indirect He said (that) his name is Ahmed.

اذا بدأت جملة الكلام المباشر بكلمة yes نحذفها ونحول said الى answered او agreedاوagreed to+inf اوadmitted+ing

Direct : The boy said, " Yes, I ate the food. "( The boy admitted )( The boy agreed )

Indirect: The boy admitted eating the food.= The boy agreed to eat the food.

Direct He said, « Yes, this is my coat. »

Indirect He answered in affirmative that that it was his coat.انة اجاب باثبات

اذا بدأت جملة الكلام المباشر بكلمة No نحذف said ونحولها الى *refused to+inf*answered in negative// denied

Direct He said, « No, it isn't. »

Indirect He answered in negative that it was not. or He denied to be so هو أنكر أن يكون كذالك

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اذا كانت جملة الكلام المباشر على صورة تحية نحول said to الى wished اذا كانت وداع نحول said الى bade

Direct He said to me , « Good morning . It's fine to day.»

Indirect He wished //greeted// me good morning and added it was fine that day.

Direct He said to me ,«Good bye. »I shall see you next week. »

Indirect He bade me good bye and added that he would see me the following week.

Direct He said to me , « Thank you very much. »

Indirect He thanked me very much.

اذا جاءت كلمة اعتذار مثل I'm sorry نحولها الى He apologized for+v.+ing

Must / should had to ♣♣ mustn't / needn't didn't have to لاحظ التحويلات الآتية

Direct He said , « I must go now.»

Indirect He said he had to go then.

Direct He said , « I needn't go. »

Indirect He said that he didn't have to go.

اذا جاءت must لتعبر عن الالزام او المنع تبقى كما هى

Direct Dad said to us, « you mustn't cross the road against the red light. »

Indirect Dad told us we mustn't cross the road against the red light.

نحول come here فى الكلام المباشر الى go there فى الكلام الغير مباشر

Direct He said to me, « I shall come here tomorrow. »

Indirect He told me that he would go there the next day.

اذا كان الكلام المباشر جملة شرطية نحول حالة الشرط الأولى إلى الثانية اما الثانية والثالثة تبقى كما هى بدون تغيير

Direct He said to me, « If I run fast, I will catch the train. »

Indirect He told me that if he ran fast, he would catch the rain.

Direct He said , « If I were rich, I would buy a car. »

Indirect He said that if he were rich, he would buy acar.

لا تتغير التعبيرات الاتية عند التحويل الى الغير مباشر

Direct He said to me , « you'd better get up early. »

Indirect He told / advised / me that I 'd better get up early.

Direct « You ought to read the instruction. » said he.

Indirect He advised me to read the instruction.

الأمر و الطلب

♣ To change the command sentences into indirect speech {reported speech }, we omit { said /said to}

And use { told / asked / ordered / commanded / advised / warned / begged } in reported instructions.

لتحويل الجمل الامرية او التعليمات الى كلام غير مباشر نستخدم ونحذف الاقواس ونضعto+inf.

♣ Examples

Direct « Do your homework, Amira,» said Dina.

Indirect Dina told Amira to do her homework.

Or Dina asked Amira to do her homework.

Direct Mr. said, « Bring your toys, children. »

Indirect Mr. Alaa told the children to bring their toys.

Direct Dad said, « Take your present. »

Indirect Dad asked me to take my present.

Direct The officer said to his man,« Fire ! » اطلق النار

Indirect The officer ordered his man to fire

Direct The doctor said to me, « Give up smoking and go to bed early. »

Indirect The doctor advised me to give up smoking and to go to bed early.

فى حالة النهى نحول Don't الى not to

Direct « Don't make so much noise,»said dad

Indirect Dad warned me not to make so much noise

Direct « Don't fight with your brother, Mustafa,» said Mohamed

Indirect Mohamed told Mustafa not to fight with his brother.

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لاحظ الجمل الآتية عند التحويل إلى مباشر

نلاحظ ان let نحولها الى suggested+v.+ing{speaker+suggested+that+listener+should+inf. }

1] Direct « Come with me, » said Mena

Indirect Mena suggested that I should go with her.

2] Direct He said, « Let's stay at home.»

Indirect He suggested that we should stay at home.

3] Direct He said, « Let them go home. »

Indirect He suggested that they should go home=He.

Yes or No Question سؤال هل

Direct « Will you visit your cousin? » Rehab / asked – said /.

Indirect Rehab asked me if I would visit my cousin.

لتحويل سؤال هل الى غير مباشر / كمايلى

Sub. + {asked/wondered/wanted to know}…+{ if/whether}+فعل ماضى+ضميرفاعل

Examples iii

Direct « Are you having your dinner,Sahar?» asked Gehad.

Indirect Gehad asked Sahar if she was having her dinner.

اذا كان السؤال ب Do//Doesنحذفهما و نضع الفعل فى الماضى Did♣نضع الفعل فى الماضى التام

Direct Mr. Ahmed asked us,« Have you finished your homework?»

Indirect Mr. Ahmed wanted to know whether we had finished our homework

Direct «Did you have your dinner, children?» Asked mum

Indirect Mum asked children if they had had their dinner.