2.8. Initial Climb

Exercise 2.8.1 Read and translate the text using the word list.

Victor Alpha is airborne. Harry confirms the jet is established in the climb.

First officer: Positive rate.

Captain: Gear up. Next stop is Hong Kong.

The First Officer reaches forward to the instrument panel and selects the gear handle to the UP position. The big wheel bogies disappear into the fuselage and the gear doors are swinging shut as the jet passes over the airport boundary, with the sprawling British Airways maintenance complex visible on the left side.

With its shape streamlined and the gear no longer draggling in the airflow, the jet climbs faster now. The initial climb speed is held 185 kts, which gives the best climb performance with flaps deployed. Ponderous on the ground, the jet is in its element now. Despite its heavy weight and low speed, it responds easily to John’s control inputs. The 747 has an inboard and outboard aileron on each wing and at lower speeds both work in combination with the spoilers to provide good roll control. At higher speeds the outboard ailerons are “locked out”. Ironically, a heavy jumbo is easier to pilot because it is more sedate. At lighter weight the jet goes like a scalded cat and the crew have to think fast to stay ahead.

John turns the jet to a heading of 052° to follow the SID. LNAV (lateral navigation) engaged at 50 ft and VNAV (vertical navigation) at 400 ft and now the flight director bars on the PFDs guide the crew along the departure profile. Passing 1,000 ft the engine tone changes as the throttles automatically move back to full climb power, as programmed by the crew during the preflight, and the pitch attitude is reduced slightly to allow the jet to accelerate. Passing 195 kt, John calls “Flaps 10” and Harry moves the flap selector to the requested setting. Rather than accelerate further, the jet will climb at the Flap 10 speed+10 kt, or 205 kt, to 4,000ft. This is a part of a noise abatement procedure that results in a steeper climb, minimizing the flight’s impact on the communities below. The speed is selected in the airspeed window of the autopilot panel.

Heathrow Tower: Speedbird 25, contact London 118.82.

Harry reads back the hand-off and dials up the new frequency on the audio panel.

First officer R/T: London, good evening, it’s Speedbird 25 fourteen hundred, climbing to six thousand on Brookmans Park.

London Control: Speedbird 25, London Control, roger, squawk ident, there is no ATC speed restriction.

With climb power set, Harry reconfigures the air-conditioning system. Packs 1 and 3 are selected to NORM and when the systems have stabilized, the left and right isolation valves are opened to restore normal airflow. Its job done, the APU is turned OFF. And since the APU switch is very close to the number 3 IRS (inertial reference system) switch, the other pilot always carefully monitors this action.

Exercise 2.8.2 Answer the questions.

1. What does Harry confirm?

2. What do the words “positive rate” mean?

3. Is it going to be a non-stop flight?

4. Why does the First officer reach forward to the instrument panel?

5. Where do the wheel bogies disappear?

6. When do the gear doors shut?

7. What is visible on the left side when they are still within the confines of the airport?

8. What is the shape of the aircraft now?

9. Why is the jet climbing faster now?

10. What is the initial climb speed?

11. What is the position of the flaps?

12. What does the 747 look like on the ground?

14. How does the aircraft respond to control inputs while in the air?

15. What devices help provide good taxi control?

16. What happens at higher speeds?

17. Why is it easier to pilot a jumbo than a small aircraft?

18. Why does John turn the aircraft to a heading of 052°?

19. What do the abbreviations LNAV and VNAV stand for?

20 Which device guides the jet along the departure profile?

21. What altitude is Speedbird 25 passing when the engine tone changes?

22. Why does it change?

23. Is the pitch attitude increased or reduced at that moment?

24. What for is the pitch attitude changed?

25. What is the speed of the aircraft during its climb to 4,000 feet?

26. Why do the crew need to perform a steep climb?

27. How is the speed selected?

28. According to whose instruction does Harry change to a new frequency?

29. What code does the aircraft have to squawk?

30. What altitude is it climbing to?

31. Are there any speed restrictions?

32. How does Harry reconfigure the air-conditioning system?

33. Is the APU switched off before this or after this?

34. Why does the other pilot monitor this process so carefully?

Exercise 2.8.3 Are the following statements true (√) or false (×)? Correct the false ones.

1. Harry confirms the jet is established in the level flight.

2. The captain says that the next stop is Delhi.

3. The First officer reaches forward to the instrument panel and selects the gear handle to the DOWN position.

4. The big wheel bogies disappear into the fuselage.

5. The gear doors are swinging shut as the jet passes over the airport boundary.

6. The British Airways maintenance complex is visible on the right side.

7. With its shape streamlined and the gear no longer draggling in the airflow, the jet climbs faster now.

8. The initial climb speed is held 175 kts.

9. It gives the best climb performance with flaps deployed.

10. Delicate on the ground, the jet is in its element now.

11. With its heavy weight and low speed, it responds with difficulty to John’s control inputs.

12. The 747 has an inboard and outboard aileron on each wing.

13. At lower speeds both work in combination with the spoilers to provide good pitch control.

14. At higher speeds the outboard ailerons are “locked out”.

15. A heavy jumbo is more difficult to pilot because it is more sedate.

16. A lighter jet goes like a scalded cat and the crew have to think fast to stay ahead.

17. John turns the jet to a heading of 062° to follow the SID.

18. LNAV was engaged at 50 feet and VNAV at 500 feet.

19. Now the flight director bars on the PFDs guide the crew along the departure profile.

20. Passing 1,500 ft the engine tone changes as the throttles automatically move back to full climb power.

21. It was programmed by the crew during the preflight.

22. The pitch attitude is reduced slightly to allow the jet to accelerate.

23. Passing 185 knots, John calls “Flaps 10” and Harry moves the flap selector to the requested setting.

24. Rather than accelerate further, the jet will climb at the Flap 10 speed+10 knots, or 205 knots, to 5,000ft.

25. This is a part of a noise abatement procedure that results in a gradual climb, minimizing the flight’s impact on the communities below.

26. The speed is selected in the airspeed window of the autopilot panel.

27. Heathrow Tower instructs Speedbird 25 to contact London Control on frequency 117.72.

28. Harry reads back the hand-off and dials up the new frequency on the audio panel.

29. The first officer reports to London Control that they are maintaining fourteen hundred feet and climbing to four thousand feet to Brookmans Park.

30. The controller informs the crew about ATC speed restrictions in the area.

31. With climb power set, Harry reconfigures the air-conditioning system.

31. Packs 1 and 2 are selected to NORM.

32. When the systems have stabilized, the left and right isolation valves are opened to restore normal airflow.

33. Its job done, the APU is turned OFF.

34. Since the APU switch is very far from the number 2 IRS (inertial reference system) switch, the other pilot always carefully monitors this action.

Exercise 2.8.4 Give English equivalents for the following words and word combinations.

Нагрузка; стандартная схема вылета по приборам; расползающийся; громоздкий; ошпарить; выставить ответчик на опознавание; крутой; обтекаемый; качаться; вертикальная навигация; тележка шасси; рукоятка; оторваться от земли; восстановить; вместо; воздушный поток; населенный район; траектория вылета; положительная скороподъемность; развертывать; несмотря на; набрать (цифры на клавиатуре); волочиться; установить; передача связи; входные данные; горизонтальная навигация; инерциальная навигационная система; процедура уменьшения шума; установить заново; крениться; уравновешенный.

Exercise 2.8.5 What do the following abbreviations stand for?

SID LNAV VNAV PFD NORM OFF APU IRS

Exercise 2.8.6 Find in the text synonyms for the following words and expressions.

Seen; supervise; acknowledge; set; influence; rise; closed; confines; together with; quickly; spread out; primary; massive; in spite of; supervise; velocity; steady; quicken; decrease; diminish; switch; populated area; instead; vanish; belittle; permit; lead; re-establish; cautiously.

Exercise 2.8.7 Match the word combinations and expressions in column A with those in column B.

A

B

1. be airborne 2. airflow 3. departure profile 4. community 5.dial up 6. hand-off 7. input 8. lateral navigation 9. noise abatement procedure 10. positive rate 11. standard instrument departure 12. squawk ident 13. streamlined 14. vertical navigation 15. wheel bogie 16. reaches forward 17. maintenance complex 18. climb performance 19. inertial reference system 20. airport boundary

a. инерциальная навигационная система b. воздушный поток c. набрать (цифры на клавиатуре) d. горизонтальная навигация e. комплекс техобслуживания f. выставить ответчик на опознав. g. положительная скороподъемность h. потянуться вперед i. характеристика набора j. оторваться от земли k. границы аэропорта l. обтекаемый m. стандарт. схема вылета по приб. n. населенный район o. тележка шасси p. траектория вылета q. входные данные r. передача связи s. процедура уменьшения шума t. вертикальная навигация

Exercise 2.8.8 Fill in the gaps with the words from the text choosing from the ones given in brackets.

1. Victor Alpha is ______ (airborn; airborne; airbearing).

2. Harry _____ (affirms; approves; confirms) the jet is _____ (expected; established; estimated) in the climb.

3. The first officer reaches _____ (front; backward; forward) to the instrument panel.

4. He selects the gear _____ (handle; hand; handling) to the UP position.

5. The big wheel bogies _____ (disappear; appear; seem) into the fuselage.

6. The gear doors are swinging shut as the jet passes over the airport _____ (border; boundary; bounds).

7. The ____ (sprawling; spraying; spreading) British Airways maintenance complex is _____ (vision; visible; visibility) on the left side.

8. With its shape streamlined and the gear no ____ (long; longer; the longest) _____ (draggling; drifting; deviating) in the airflow, the jet climbs faster now.

9. The _____ (initial; initiative; initiate) climb speed is held 185 kts.

10. It gives the ____ (good; better; best) climb performance with flaps _____ (deploying; deploy; deployed).

11. Ponderous on the _____ (earth; land; ground), the jet is in its element now.

12. Despite its heavy weight and low speed, it _____ (responds; replies; reports) easily to John’s control inputs.

13. The 747 has an inboard and outboard _____ (aileron; aisle; edge) on each wing.

14. At lower speeds both work in _____ (combined; combination; combine) with the spoilers to provide good _____ (pitch; roll; yaw) control.

15. At higher speeds the outboard ailerons are “locked _____ (in; out; on)”.

16. A heavy jumbo is easier to pilot because it is more _____ (sedative; sedate; sedation).

17. At lighter weight the jet goes like a _____ (scalded; scalding; scalped) cat.

18. The crew have to think fast to _____ (stand; stop; stay) ahead.

19. John ______ (flies; pilots; turns) the jet to a heading of 052° to follow the SID.

20. The flight _____ (director; directing; directed) bars on the PFDs guide the crew along the departure profile.

21. Passing 1,000 ft the engine tone ______ (turns; changes; differs) as the throttles automatically move back to full climb power.

22. It was programmed by the crew _____ (while; for; during) the preflight.

23. The pitch attitude is reduced slightly to allow the jet to ____ (decelerate; stay; accelerate).

24. Passing 195 kt, John calls “Flaps 10” and Harry moves the flap selector to the _____ (response; request; requested) setting.

25. Rather than accelerate _____ (far; farther; further), the jet will climb at the Flap 10 speed+10 kt, or 205 kt, to 4,000ft.

26. This is _____ (apart; a part; partially) of a noise abatement procedure that results in a steeper climb.

27. It is _____ (minimum; increasing; minimizing) the flight’s impact on the communities below.

28. The speed is _____ (selector; selecting; selected) in the airspeed window of the autopilot panel.

29. Harry dials up the new frequency on the audio panel.

30. London Control informs the crew that there is no ATC speed _____ (resource; response; restriction).

31. With climb power set, Harry ______ (reconfirms; reconfigurates; reconfigures) the air-conditioning system.

32. When the systems have stabilized, the left and right _____ (isolation; isolative; asolated) valves are opened to _____ (reform; restore; restrain) normal airflow.

33. The APU switch is very close to the number 3 inertial _____ (referred; related; reference) system switch.

34. The other pilot always carefully _______ (performs; inspects; monitors) this action.

Exercise 2.8.9 Fill in the gaps with the necessary form of the words given in brackets.

1. Harry ______ the jet is ______ in the climb. (CONFIRM + ESTABLISH)

2. The First Officer _____ forward to the instrument panel. (REACH)

3. He selects the gear _____ to the UP position. (HAND)

4. The gear doors are _____ shut. (SWING)

5. The sprawling British Airways _______ complex is visible on the left side. (MAINTAIN)

6. With its shape streamlined and the gear no _____ + ______in the airflow, the jet climbs _____ now. (LONG + DRAGGLE + FAST)

7. The _____ climb speed is held 185 kts. (INITIATE)

8. It gives the best climb _____ with flaps _____. (PERFORM + DEPLOY)

9. The aircraft responds _____ to John’s control inputs. (EASY)

10. At _____ speeds both ailerons work in _____ with the spoilers. (LOW + COMBINE)

11. At _____ speeds the outboard ailerons are “_____out”. (HIGH + LOCK)

12. _____, a heavy jumbo is easier to pilot. (IRONY)

13. John turns the jet to a ______ of 052° to follow the SID. (HEAD)

14. The PFDs guide the crew along the _____ profile. (DEPART)

15. _____ 1,000 ft, the engine tone _____. (PASS + CHANGE)

16. The throttles _____ move back to full climb power, as ______ by the crew during the preflight. (AUTOMATE + PROGRAMME)

17. The pitch attitude is reduced _____ to allow the jet to accelerate. (SLIGHT)

18. Harry moves the flap _____ to the _____ setting. (SELECT + REQUEST)

19. This action is a part of a noise _____ procedure. (ABATE)

20. It results in a _____ climb, _____ the flight’s impact on the communities below. (STEEP + MINIMUM)

21. Harry dials up the new _____ on the audio panel. (FREQUENT)

22. There is no ATC speed _____. (RESTRICT)

23. Harry reconfigures the air- _____ system. (CONDITION)

24. When the systems have _____, the left and right _____ valves are opened to restore normal airflow. (STABILITY + ISOLATE)

25. The APU is ____ OFF. (TURN)

26. The APU switch is very close to the number 3 inertial _____ system switch. (REFER)

27. The other pilot always _____ monitors this action. (CARE)

Exercise 2.8.10 In the list below the box find a definition for the given words.

Aircraft Streamlined Standard Instrument Departure Frequency Pitch Maintenance Outboard Airport Aileron Inboard Airflow Procedure

1. a prescribed Instrument Flight Rules departure route to be flown after takeoff which normally includes speed and noise restrictions

2. relative flow or current of air past or over an object or surface

3. any device that is used or intended to be used for flight in the air

4. small control surfaces on the outer aft part of the wings which are used to roll and turn the aircraft

5. an area of land or water (including buildings, installations and equipment) that is used for the departure and arrival of aircraft, and which has full facilities for the transport of passengers and cargo, for example paved runways, navigation aids, hangars and passenger terminals

6. towards the end of the wing, furthest laterally from the fuselage

7. towards the root of the wing, closer laterally to the fuselage

8. the overhaul repair and upkeep of an aircraft, engine or system in accordance with an approved schedule (usually from the manufacturer) using only approved materials

9. the attitude of the aircraft about its lateral axis, indicating whether the nose is pointing up or down

10. hertz or Cycles per second at which radio navigation or communication equipment operates expressed as a number, as 108.9MHz (Pilots select this number on the receiver to receive the broadcast signal and display the required navigation information.)

11. shaped to minimize turbulence and reduce the resistance to motion (draw through air, as is a wing or airfoil)

12. method of accomplishing a task

Exercise 2.8.11 Translate the following sentences into English.

1. Спидберд оторвался от земли.

2. Гарри подтверждает, что самолет находится в наборе.

3. Джон командует убрать шасси.

4. Их следующая остановка будет в Гонконге.

5. Второй пилот тянется вперед к приборной панели и переключает рукоятку шасси в положение ВВЕРХ.

6. Большие тележки шасси исчезают в фюзеляже, и створки шасси одним движением захлопываются.

7. Это происходит в тот момент, когда самолет пересекает границы аэропорта, пролетая мимо растянувшегося комплекса зоны техобслуживания компании Бритиш Эйрвейз, которая видна слева.

8. Имея обтекаемую форму, когда шасси больше не тянутся за ним в потоке воздуха, самолет сейчас набирает высоту быстрее.

9. Первоначальная скорость набирающего высоту самолета удерживается на 185 узлах, что обеспечивает наилучшие характеристики набора при выпущенных закрылках.

10. Массивный на земле, реактивный самолет находится сейчас в своей стихии.

11. Несмотря на тяжелый вес и небольшую скорость, он легко реагирует на управление.

12. Боинг 747 имеет внешний и внутренний элерон на каждом крыле, и на небольших скоростях оба работают вместе с интерцепторами, чтобы обеспечивать хорошее управление креном.

13. На высоких скоростях внешние элероны “вырубаются”.

14. Как это ни смешно, но тяжелый реактивный самолет легче пилотировать, потому что он более устойчивый.

15. Реактивный самолет с меньшим весом ведет себя как ошпаренный кот, и экипажу нужно быстро думать, чтобы опережать его действия.

16. Джон разворачивает воздушное судно на курс 052°, чтобы придерживаться стандартной схемы вылета по приборам.

17. После того, как они на высоте 50 футов вошли в зону горизонтальной навигации, а на 400 футах в зону вертикальной навигации, стрелки командного пилотажного прибора на пилотских дисплеях полета ведут их сейчас по траектории вылета.

18. Проходя высоту 1 тысяча футов, звук двигателя меняется, так как дроссели автоматически движутся назад до полной мощности при наборе.

19. Это было запрограммировано экипажем перед взлетом.

20. Угол кабрирования слегка меняется, чтобы позволить самолету ускорить полет.

21. Проходя точку скорости в 195 узлов, Джон командует: “Закрылки 10”, и Гарри устанавливает переключатель закрылков в требуемое положение.

22. Вместо дальнейшего ускорения самолет будет теперь набирать со скоростью “Закрылок 10” + 10 узлов или 15 узлов до 4 тысяч футов.

23. Это является частью процедуры уменьшения шума, что ведет к более крутому набору и минимизирует влияние полета на населенные районы внизу.

24. Скорость устанавливается в окошке воздушной скорости на панели автопилота.

25. Вышка Хитроу информирует экипаж о необходимости переключиться на связь с Лондон Контроль на частоте 118,82 мегагерца.

26. Гарри подтверждает передачу связи и набирает новую частоту на панели аудиосвязи.

27. Командир информирует диспетчера о том, что они проходят высоту 1400 футов и набирают 6000 футов на Брукмэнз Парк.

28. Диспетчер командует выставить ответчик в режим опознавания и сообщает, что диспетчерских ограничений по скорости нет.

29. С мощностью, установленной для набора, Гарри устанавливает по-новому системы кондиционирования.

30. Системы № 1 и № 3 переведены в режим нормальной работы и, когда системы стабилизировались, открываются левый и правый изолирующие клапаны, чтобы восстановить нормальный поток воздуха.

31. Выполнив свою работу, вспомогательная силовая установка выключается.

32. Так как переключатель вспомогательной силовой установки расположен очень близко к переключателю инерциальной системы координат № 3, другой пилот всегда тщательно следит за этим действием.

Exercise 2.8.12 Make up your own sentences using the following words and word combinations.

Streamlined; to pilot; sedate; departure profile; steep climb; impact on; restore.

Exercise 2.8.13 Retell the text.