МІНІСТЕРСТВО ОСВІТИ І НАУКИ УКРАЇНИ
СМІЛЯНСЬКИЙ ТЕХНІКУМ ХАРЧОВИХ ТЕХНОЛОГІЙ
НАЦІОНАЛЬНОГО УНІВЕРСИТЕТУ ХАРЧОВИХ ТЕХНОЛОГІЙ
Англійська мова – мова ділового та міжнародного спілкування
НАВЧАЛЬНИЙ ПОСІБНИК
Для студентів 2 і 3 курсів всіх спеціальностей
Сміла, 2013
Розглянуто на засіданні комісії соціально-гуманітарних дисциплін
Смілянського технікуму харчових технологій
Протокол №__________ від”____”______________ 2013 р.
Рекомендовано методичною радою
Смілянського технікуму харчових технологій
Протокол № ________ від”____”_____________2013 р.
Укладач: УсенкоТ.Й.
Відповідальний редактор: Бардадим А.Ю.
Рецензент: Тищенко С.М.
вступ
Даний навчальний посібник має практичну спрямованість, вміщує текстовий матеріал, серію вправ, спрямованих на розвиток умінь і навичок роботи з іншомовним текстом, дидактичний матеріал для розвитку навичок говоріння і письма. Посібник призначений для студентів 2 і 3 курсу всіх спеціальностей і відповідає вимогам програми.
Рекомендується для занять із ділової англійської мови, а також для тих, хто вивчає англійську мову самостійно.
ЗМІСТ
Т 6. Важливість вивчення іноземних мов.
Англійська мова – мова ділового та міжнародного спілкування.
Спілкування між носіями різних культур.
Країни та національності.
Т 8. Міжнародні контакти.
4. Міжнародні виставки. Організація виставки.
5. Огляд експозиції.
Т 10. Ділові папери.
Мовні штампи при написанні ділових паперів.
Скорочення.
Ділові папери.
Ділове листування.
10. Тексти
1. Read the text and learn why this young Ukrainian studies English.
WHY I STUDY ENGLISH
Hi, I'm Petro from Smila. It's in the centre of Ukraine.
I'm a pupil of the 11th form and I study English at school. I try to master the language as well as I can do it at school. 'Why?' you can ask. Well, I have my point of view as for this. I want to reach success in life and English will help me.
You see, modern life is impossible without communication. This communication is between people of one country and between people of different nations. So it is necessary to know at least one foreign language.
Besides, I think, that to achieve real success in life is impossible without speaking a foreign language. If you are a scientist you need it to read literature and to take part in conferences.
If you want to be a good expert in any field you need a foreign language to receive new information on your speciality. If you are a businessperson you need a foreign language to have business with foreign partners.
Many people like to travel. For this a foreign language is necessary too. If you want to get education abroad you must know a foreign language too.
If you are fond of reading you can read interesting books in the original. If you are fond of music you can understand the words of songs. If you are an athlete you can communicate using a foreign language during international competitions. If you want to find a job abroad you must know a foreign language too. So in any field of modern life it is necessary to know a foreign language.
We live in Europe. Europe is integrating now and it is very important for everybody to know at least one foreign language. Ukraine is going to become a member of the European Council and the Common Market.
Our country takes part in many international political, economic, cultural and educational projects. But how to take part in them without speaking a foreign language? A private interpreter isn't a suitable way out. People can think that you aren't intelligent enough if you spend much money on paying the private interpreter instead of paying for your own education at least when you are young enough to learn any language rather quickly.
English is one of the most popular foreign languages. It is the most spoken language in international communication. I am glad that I know English a little and I plan to learn it better in future.
2.Write down 20 new words, translate them and learn by heart.
To study –
to master –
language –
point of view –
to reach –
success –
impossible -
communication –
different –
necessary –
foreign –
besides –
to achieve –
a scientist –
a field –
to receive –
business –
a partner –
to travel –
education –
3. Answer the questions.
What is Petro's point of view about the role of English in his plans for future?
Why English is necessary for an expert in any field?
Why a foreign language is important for tourists?
What is the role of English in European co-operation?
Can Ukrainians take part in international projects without mastering a foreign language?
Why is it better to spend money on your language education rather than pay them to an interpreter?
What are Petro's plans as for improving his English in future?
4. Write down a summery of the text. Use and continue the statements.
1. In business English is ... .
2. For scientists English ... .
3. Specialists in almost every field need English because ....
4. In European integration English plays a special role because ....
5. It is very important for young Ukrainians to learn foreign languages because ....
5. Read the text again and, together with your partner, do back translation of it.
7. Interview your partner why he or she learns English.
1.Why do you study English?
2. Do you study English willingly?
3.How did you start to learn it?
4.What additional aids do you use to study English?
5. Whom do you use to speak with, to communicate?
6.Do you have many friends who are interested in English?
7. Do you often speak English with them?
8.Will English add to your knowledge in future?
9.Will it help you to be more competable ?
10.Is it possible to go abroad on business, to visit some exhibitions or to sign a contract without knowing English?
8 Tell why you study English and in what way it will be useful for you in future. Use the following expressions:
In my opinion…
It is very important…
As to my parents’ content…
As you know…
Speaking about the democratic society…
I should mention…
T
1. Read the information how not to behave badly abroad
Imagine you have arranged a meeting at four o’clock. What time should you expect your foreign business colleagues to arrive? If they’re German they will be in time. If they’re American, they will probably will be 15 minutes early. If they’re British, they will be 15 minutes late, and you should allow up to an hour for Italians.
When the European Community began to increase, several books appeared giving advice on international etiquette. At first many people thought it was a joke, but very soon they had to realize that they had a lot to learn about how to behave with their foreign business friends.
For example:
The British are happy to have a business lunch and discuss business matters with a drink during the meal; the Japanese prefer not to work while eating. Lunch is time to relax and to know each other; besides, they rarely drink at lunch time.
The Germans like to talk business before dinner; the French like to eat first and to eat afterwards. They have to be well fed and watered before they discuss anything.
Taking off your jacket and rolling up your sleeves is a sigh of getting down to work in Britain and Holland, but in Germany people regard it taking it easy.
American executives sometimes signal the feelings of ease and importance of their offices by putting the feet on the desk whilst on the phone. In Japan, people will be shocked. Showing the soles of your feet is the height of bad manners. It is a social insult only to exceeded only by blowing your nose in public.
Here are some tips for travellers:
In France you shouldn’t sit down in a café until you’ve shaken hands with everyone you know.
In Afghanistan you should spend at least five minutes saying hello.
In Pakistan you mustn’t wink. It is offensive.
In the Middle East you must never use your left hand to greeting, eating, drinking or smoking. Also, you should take care not to admire anything in your host’s home. They will feel they have to give it to you.
In Russia you must match your host’s drink for drink or they will feel you are unfriendly.
In Thailand you should clasp your hands together and lower your head and your eyes when you great someone.
In America you should eat your hamburger with both hands and as quickly as possible. You shouldn’t try to have a conversation until it is eaten.
The choice of a gift can cause embarrassment or trouble for the giver if the country's customs and traditions are not understood.
2. Read and discuss the case below.
A SAUDI-GERMAN ENCOUNTER
Bouchaib Alsadoun, a Saudi businessman, invited Johann W. a German businessman, to dinner at his house. Johann entered the elegant house and offered his gift of a bottle of Scotch whisky and a box of butter cookies to his host. Bouchaib was embarrassed by the gifts and quickly put them away. Then they sat down in the living room area. Bouchaib offered Johann a cup of coffee, which he quickly accepted. Bouchaib thought his guest was a bit rude. As they drank coffee Johann complimented Bouchaib on an art book on the living room table. The Saudi businessman responded by offering him the book. Johann, embarrassed, said, «No, thank you! It is very kind of you, but I can't accept it! »
Bouchaib was offended by his guest's behaviour.
Although Johann sensed this, he couldn't imagine how he had offended Bouchaib.
1. What three actions offended Bouchaib? Why?
What can Johann do now that he has offended his host?
Can a misunderstanding like this one really affect the business relationship? If so, how?
After you've discussed the case, read this explanation.
Three of Johann's actions offended Bouchaib. First of all, Johann brought a bottle of Scotch and cookies.
According to Muslim religion, Bouchaib must not drink alcohol. Also, in Persian Gulf states, bringing a gift of food and drink implies the host isn't generous enough to offer his own food and drink.
Second, in Saudi Arabia it is customary to refuse an offer a few times before accepting. Johann seemed greedy to accept the offer of coffee so quickly.
Finally, Johann refused Bouchaib's gift of the book.
In Bouchaib's eyes, by refusing his gift, Johann was refusing his offer of friendship.
USEFUL INFORMATION
Some Tips on How to Avoid Pitfalls in Gift-Giving Abroad.
Don't rely on your own taste.
Don't bring a gift to an Arab man's wife; in fact, don't ask about her at all. Bringing gifts for the children is, however, acceptable.
In Arab countries, don't admire an object openly. The owner may feel obligated to give it to you.
Do not bring drinks to an Arab home. For many Arabs, alcohol is forbidden by religious law.
Don't try to outgive the Japanese. It causes great embarrassment and obligates them to reciprocate even if they cannot afford it.
Do not insist that your Japanese counterpart open the gift in your presence. This is not their custom and can easily cause embarrassment on the part of the recipient.
As a courtesy, hold your gift with two hands when presenting it to a Japanese business person, but do not make a big thing of the presentation.
Be careful when selecting colours or deciding on the number of items.
The colour purple is inappropriate in Latin America.
Avoid giving knives and handkerchiefs in Latin America. Knives suggest the cutting off of the relationship, and handkerchiefs imply that you wish the recipient hardship. To offset the bad luck, the recipient must offer you money.
In Germany, red roses imply that you are in love with the recipient. Moreover, perfume is too personal a gift for business relationships.
In China, expensive presents are not acceptable and cause great embarrassment. Give a collective gift from your company to theirs.
In China, a banquet is acceptable, but you will insult your hosts if you give a more lavish banquet than the one given you.
A clock is a symbol of bad luck in China.
Do you know that people greet each other in a different way?
1. Discuss the questions with your partner:
- Which method is closest to the way you greet people in Russia?
- How much difference is there between formal and informal greetings and introductions in Russia?
- Is there much difference between the way people from different countries greet each other?
- English uses you when addressing people both in formal and informal situations. Do we do the same in Russian?
4. Understanding the social and business culture of a nation is important when doing business with people from that country. Read the passage about social culture in the UK.
1) What is the difference between the United Kingdom, Great Britain, and when should I use each term?
‘The UK’ is a term widely used to refer to the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. The term ‘Great Britain’ was used historically to differentiate it from Brittany in France, and refers to its larger size. ‘Great’ is usually omitted in the conversation.
2) How should I refer to UK nationals?
Although you may well hear the English referring to nationals as ‘English’, avoid doing this as it could cause offence by excluding those of Scottish, Welsh, or Irish ethnicity. The slang term ‘Brit’ is roughly equivalent to ‘Yank’. The term ‘British’ is widely acceptable.
3) How is the famous British politeness expressed?
‘Please’ and Thank you’ are used even if you brush up against someone on the train. Many expressions are used to show consideration: ‘I’m sorry to trouble you…’, ‘Would you mind very much if…?’
4) Why are pubs so important to the British?
Pubs vary from the historic country pub to the high street ‘local’. It is not just the place to drink your favourite beer, but also a pivotal social centre. It is the place where social barriers and British reserve are broken down, the world’s problems are solved through heated debate, and firm friendships are created. Just be sure to pay for your round and never tip the barman.
5) What customs would the British expect newcomers to observe?
The British take queues very seriously. Never jump in line or show impatience as waiting your turn is only fair play. Eventually we will all get there so we ‘mustn’t grumble’. While you wait, you can chat about the weather, your garden or even your dog, but don’t get too personal.
6) What should I avoid doing or saying?
Even though the British will enjoy jokes at the royal family’s expense, it is not generally a good idea for a foreigner to criticize royalty. Other subjects off limits to criticism might include pubs, cricket, warm beer, and the BBC. Complex subjects such as Ireland or enigmatic British class system should be approached more carefully, unless you are with good friends or in a pub! On meeting someone at a party, the first questions should be not ‘What do you do?’ or ‘Where did you go to school?’ The British also consider it bad form to ‘blow you own trumpet’, especially at a first meeting. Social kissing is acceptable but bear hugs might alarm some people. Never try to guess a person’s accent.
7) What are good ice-breaking conversation topics?
The weather is a universally safe topic. News topics, sports and cultural events, gardens, pets, and holidays or vacation plans all work well. The British often love to explain local historical sites and places of interest, and will be very happy to give advice to newcomers on where to go and what to see.
Discuss the meaning of the words and phrases in italics.
Now break the ice for five minutes by asking you partner similar questions to the ones in the article. Make sure that you show interest in what your partner is saying.
5. Listen to the conversation and complete the sentences:
When speaking with friends or …………………………….. there are certain things that are not polite to speak of.
Although time has changed it’s not acceptable to talk about ………………and ……………….. in India.
In North America there’s no problem to talk about money but ………………………. is not a topic to talk about round the dinner table.
Americans are ……………………., because they believe that death is optional.
No matter if positive or negative features are discussed, …………………..is acceptable because everyone is interested in it.
The British people are ………………-conscious, so the subjects they like are …………… and art.
To talk about the value of somebody’s own home, how much it is worth is of great interest for people from …………………….
But it’s rather tasteless to talk about property in ………………….
6. Making small talk can be a useful way of finding out what something is like, and can make doing business easier. Is small talk important in Russia, or do you prefer to get straight down to business? Listen to the conversation and discuss it. Role out a similar conversation
7. Read the article and choose the most suitable heading (a-i) for each paragraph (1-7). There are one extra heading which is not needed.
a) Smaller firms will benefit
b) False impressions
c) A challenge for translators
d) Realizing the need of variety
e) Different cultures, different needs
f) Surprising figures
g) Time is needed
h) Personal preferences
i) Proficiency in English
A Multilingual Internet?
As both Asian and European markets use the Internet more and more to conduct business, there will be an increasing need for language choices for the different markets.
0
English is so often used on the Net that it might make you think everyone in the world speaks English, or at least give you the impression that it is the world’s most widely-spoken language. If this were true, it would, of course, bring benefits for worldwide communication and understanding, though it could also possibly become a threat to cultural diversity. English certainly seems to be everywhere, from films to pop music and TV, and from business to science and other fields.
1
Information varies, but suggests that about 75% of the pages on the Web are English. Yet English is the mother tongue for only 5.4% of the world’s population, while a further 7% of the world’s population are proficient speakers of English. This means that only around 12% of the world’s population can communicate well in English. This figure is nowhere near the total number of people speaking Chinese languages, which at 20.7%, is much higher.
2
More and more people are accessing the Internet nowadays, including many companies wanting to conduct e-business. As a consequence, the position of English is beginning to change. Both Europe and Asia are growth area, with businesses increasing their use of the Internet and people would apparently rather buy things online if they can order in their own language.
3
It has predicted that by 2003 only one third of Internet users will be speakers of English. As a result, companies wanting to reach world markets are beginning to realize that they will have to translate their websites for their various customers.
4
However, creating a multinational website is not an easy task. Companies wishing to translate their sites for different markets basically face both technical and linguistic problems. They are unable to use automated translation systems, which already exist in the market, simply because the quality is not good enough for professional use. Businesses all over the world are now faced with this huge challenge.
5
Moreover, translating websites is only the beginning. Customers with questions or problems will need to discuss matters in their own language, for example, while prices will need to be in the local currency. Dates will also need to be in the right format to avoid confusion. Companies will need to adapt their advertising materials so as not to offend different cultures. They may also have to change their way of doing business to suit certain customers – in Japan, for example, as the Japanese do not tend to give their credit card details over the Web. There are also legal issues to take into consideration.
6
Such vast changes will not happen overnight. It is impossible to say exactly how many texts there are on the Web as the number is changing all the time. One thing which is certain, however, is that a growth in the use of Internet is guaranteed. Companies doing e-business simply need time to translate their sites into the various languages necessary to do business. Meanwhile, more and more material in different languages is being added to the Web at a fast pace.
7
While all this is happening, local companies, with few employees, doing e-business only in the language of their target market and who are aware of the cultural aspects of that market, will certainly be at an advantage. The problems of language and culture could well limit larger companies from expanding and so offer more opportunities to smaller businesses on poorer areas of the world.
Look at the underlined part of the sentence in the text and choose the correct meaning:
cultural variety might be attacked
cultural variety might disappear
NOTE! English has become the first truly global language with some 1.35 billion speakers as a first, second or auxiliary language. (Citadel Press, New York, 2008).
1. Look at the photo and the title of the text. Answer the
questions.
1 Where are the people?
2 What are they wearing?
3 What are they doing?
4 What aren't they doing?
2. Read the text. Who has the most negative view of Londoners:
Sam, Joanna or Amir?
Look at the people in the photograph. They're sitting close
together for an underground train, but they aren't smiling or talking
: This is how the world usually sees Londoners:quiet,
gently. But how accurate is this impression? We
asked three residents of London to give their opinions.
$am, age 18. British, born in London.
'l don't think Londoners are particularly miserable- in fact,
we liked good joke.But we're probably a bit gloomy and
pessimistic. When it comes to sport, for example,we cheer
on the British competitors and teams, but we aren't really
surprisedw hen they lose.W e accept underachievemenats the
norm. I think Amenicans ane different: they expect to win.'
Joanna, age 19. Polish living in London for a year.
'l think Londonenas re reallyc old and unfriendlyP. eopleh ene
don't chat - they don't say hello to their neighbours, and
some of them wouldn'te venn ecogniseth eir neighboursin the
street. I find it difficult to make fr iends here. In fact, I spend
most of my time with Poles, not English people. People claim
that the English ane nice when you get to know them, but how
can you get to know them when they'ne so uncommunicative?'
Amir, age l7. British, born in London, Pakistani parents.
'London is a tnuly multicultural city. I think it's true to say that
more than one in three of the city's population belong to an
ethnic minonityg roup,a nd you can heana bout 3OO differeht
languagesh ere. New peoplea re arrivinga llthe time, so
the city is changing day by day. lt's a very competitive, fastmoving
place. Most Londoners ane focused, and aren't afnaid
of work - they know what they want and how to get itl'
3 What are they doing?
4 Whata ren'tth eyd oing?
,- Readth e text.W hoh ast he mostn egativvei ewo f Londoners:
SamJ, oannoar A mir?
Looka t the peoplei n the photognaphT. hey'nes itLingc lose
togethef on an undergnoundtr ain, but they anen'ts milingo r talking
: This is how the wonldu suallys ees Londoners:q uiet,
iendly.B ut how accurate is this impression?W e
askedt hree nesidentso f Londont o givet heir opinions.
3.Match the opinions about Londoners with the three people.
Write S (Sam), J(Joanna), or A)Armin)
1 They aren’t very welcoming.
2 They work very hard.
3 They don’t talk to each other very much.
4 They've got a good sense of humour.
5 They're ambitious.
6 They aren’t optimistic.
-
4.Listen to four teenagers’ opinions about people
from their own country. What are their nationalities?Choose
from the words in the box.
Nationalities
American Argentinian Australian Belgian Brazilian
Chinese French German Greek Hungarian
Japanese Polish Russian Spanish Swiss
|
Nationality |
Rosanna |
|
Ethan |
|
Junko |
|
Carlos |
|
5.Listen again. Match two opinions(a -h)with each
person. Write R ( Rosanna),( Ethan)J,( Junko)or C( Carlos)
next to each opinion.
a They're usually polite and formal with strangers.
b They're very patriotic.
c They're very talkative.
d They're hard-working.
e They're really cheerful.
f They don’t like to show their emotions.
g They're very generous.
h They're quite warm and friendly.
6.Work in pairs. How would you describe people from:
(a)your own town or city,( b)from another country you
know? Choose adjectives from the box or your own ideas
and make notes.
friendly/unfriendly optimistic/pessimistic
serious/funny talkative/quiet hard-working/lazy
rude/polite ambitious/unambitious relaxed/tense
mean / generous reliable/unreliable arrogant/modest
7. Speaking.Tell the class your ideas from exercise 6. Do they agree?
CULTURE NOTES - LONDONERS
The title of the text; Maybe it's because I'm a Londoner
Comes from a famous song written by Hubert Gregg in
1947. It has become a kind of anthem for London.
A Londoner is a person from London. In this case,adding
-er makes the word describe a person. lt isn't the same
for all cities. A. person from Manchester for example, is a
Mancunian and a person from Liverpool is a Liverpudlion.
Uni1t .
KEY
1 loanna 2 Amir 3 loanna 4 Sam 5 Amir 6 Sam
Exercise 4 page 6) r.oz
. Focuso nt hei nst ruct ionTse. lsl tudenttsh atw hent hey
KEY
1 loanna 2 Amir 3 loanna 4 Sam 5 Amir 6 Sam
Exercise page 6 1.02
Focus on the instructors. Tell students that when they
listen for the first time they only need to try to get a general
understanding of what the teenagers are saying and to write
down their nationatities.
With a weaker class, pre-teach a few key words or phrases that you
think the students are unlikely to know.
KEY
1 Brazilian2 American 3 Japanese 4 Spanish
TRANSCRIPT 1.02
1 Rosana | love Brazilians- but maybe that’s because I’m from Brazil! The best thing
about them is, they laugh a lot and they smile a lot. If you walk down the street,
you see lots of smiles! Another thing is that they’re always willing to share what they’ve got
with you; even if they haven’t got very much themselves…They’re not all at mean.
2 Ethan I'm from New York in the USA, It’s an enormous country, of course, and people are
different in different parts of the States. But I think there are some characteristics that are
typical and that are shared by Americans across the country. Let me give you an example.
In general, Americans work hard-they start work early, finish late, and they don’t have
long holidays. In my opinion, they’re proud of their country, and very proud to be American,
whatever their ethnic background.
3 Junko I 'm not typically Japanese – I’m probably more life an Australian, because I’ve
lived here in Australia for years now. Japanese people have got good manners and show
respect to other people, especially people they don’t know. In fact sometimes they can be
rather formal. Personally, I’m not! Another difference between me and other Japanese is
that I’m very open, even with people I don’t know. Japanese people often hide their feelings.
They don’t like other people to know what they are thinking or feeling.
4 Carlos I'm from Spain – from the south, near Seville. I think Spanish people, in general,
Are quite warm – hearted and they like meeting new people and making new friends. The
Spanish don’t like to sit in silence – they like talking – they can away for hours on end.
That’s my opinion, anyway.
Exercise 5 page 6 1.02
KEY
a-J b-E c-C d -E e-F f-j g-R h-C
NATIONALITY НАЦІОНАЛЬНІСТЬ
NATIONALITY |
КРАЇНА |
НАЦІОНАЛЬНІСТЬ |
English |
England |
англієць |
American |
America |
американець |
Canadian |
Canada |
канадець |
Australian |
Australia |
австралієць |
French |
France |
француз |
Italian |
Italy |
італієць |
Spanish |
Spain |
іспанець |
Norwegian |
Norway |
норвежець |
Swedish |
Sweden |
швед |
Dutch |
Holland or the Netherlands |
голландець |
Dane |
Denmark |
датчанин |
German |
Germany |
німець |
1. На виставці-ярмарці moвapiв. Міжнародні виставки-ярмарки.
Read and retell the text
TRADE EXHIBITIONS AND FAIRS
Trade fairs and exhibitions usually attract thousands of visitors and many potential buyers among them. So firms and enterprises never lose a chance to exhibit theirs products at international fairs and exhibitions both abroad and at home. They help promote our goods to new markets and launch new products in the markets already developed. A great deal of profitable business is done at commercial centers at exhibitions: new contracts are made, new transactions are concluded, new orders are placed and new markets are established. This work goes on after the exhibitions as well: enquiries are sent out for the goods our national economy requires and offers are made for the products partners are interested in.
There are traditional fairs and exhibitions that are held annually, for example, the Leipzig fair is organized twice a year - in spring and in autumn in Germany, the Plovdiv fair in Bulgaria or the Sorochyntsi Fair in Ukraine.
Also, there are fairs and exhibitions organized on and off and devoted to scientific achievements in this or that field of national economy. They are called accordingly: "Chemistry - 2010". "Automation - 2012", "Building - 2013", "EnterEx -2013", etc.
New words:
to promote goods to new markets - просувати товари на нові ринки ; a chance - можливість, шанс;
to launch new products - вводити нову продукцію;
to conclude - укладати; a require - бути необхідним;
to offer - пропонувати; on and off- час від часу;
Answer the questions:
/. Do trade fairs and exhibitions attract many visitors?
2. What work is done at commercial centers at the exhibitions?
3. What traditional fairs and exhibitions can you name?
Learт the words and word combinations by heart:
to hold a meeting (a conference, an exhibition, talks);
to take part in talks (fairs, exhibitions);
to get in touch with smb., to contact smb.;
to advertise goods (machines, equipment),
to represent a firm (a factor)', a company, a country):
to supply smth. to smb., to supply smb. with smth.;
to depend on smth (smb.);
to increase by, to increase to;
to inform smb. of smth., to advise smb. of smth., to let smb. know; 10)to purchase equipment (cars, furniture), to buy;
ll)to sell,
to enclose smth. with the letter, to attach to the letter;
reliability of the company (model, equipment); 14)to be responsible for smth.;
15)to be pleased with smth. (smb.), to be satisfied with smth.;
to consider the matter (the terms, the price problem);
in accordance with, according to;
to need, to require;
19)to propose, to suggest (an idea, a plan), to offer (goods, services); 20) to do one's best.
Write the sentences in Passive Voice:
We received a letter from our company's agent on Monday.
This plant produces modern cars.
We showed the equipment in operation.
.
Read and translate the text.
BUSINESS LETTERS.
FORM AND LAYOUT
Nowadays, much attention is paid to business correspondence There are different types of business letters written for different purposes. Studying writing business letters is very important with the help of good letters to influence partners, suppliers, investors, etc. and increase Business, On the contrary, a badly written letter creates a bad effect and may sometimes delay or spciJ business ties.
Handwritten or Typed9
It depends on the type a business letter. There is the rule that most personal letters are handwritten, while' most business letters are typed. However, in business correspondence there are also some types of letters, which are never to be typed. They include:
S Invitations
S Letters of congratulation or thanks
S Letters of condolence
S Letters of job application
Today in business they use the company's form that bears its trademark or emblem and contains its full name, address, phone and fax numbers.
Composing Business Letters
A good letter is concise, logic, profound and serious (змістовний), correct and courteous in tone.
It generally consists of three parts as follows:
Introduction (only one paragraph) - states the subject of the letter. It also may say if a correspondent's letter was received.
Development (one, two or more paragraphs) - gives some facts, arguments, explanation, etc.
3. Conclusion (only one paragraph) - deals with expressions of goodwill. The purpose is to leave a favourable impression in the reader's mina.
The use of subject headings is also important. It helps the letter to be correctly routed. It gains the reader's interest and saves time.
ACTIVE VOCABULARY
correspondence - кореспонденція
for different purposes - для різних цілей
to influence partners - впливати на партнерів
suppliers - постачальники
investors - інвестори
to spoil business ties - шкодити діловим стосункам
typing mistakes - помилки по друку
handwriting - почерк
mismatched paper - не бракований папір
layout - план, розбивка
invitations – запрошення
congratulation - поздоровлення condolence - співчуття job application - анкета introduction - вступ development - розвиток conclusion - заключення
There are different types of business letters written for different purposes, are not there?
Why is studying writing business letters very important?
What types of letters are never to be typed?
What does a good business letter consist of?
Read and translate. Write a summery.
Dear Sirs,
In connection with your enquiry and in confirmation of our talk with your representative Mr... we are informing you that if requested we could send a group of highly qualified specialists to render technical assistance in constructing a heavy-machine building plant and preparing the equipment of the shops of the above plant for adjustment and putting into operation.
As the construction and errection works shall be in full conformity with the Supplier's designs, we could include in this group specialists to carry out the designer's supervision.
The general conditions on which we usually send our specialists abroad are the following:
You are lo reimburse us for the following expenses:
— monthly salaries in $ USA,
transfer allowances for each specialist,
round trip air travelling expenses, tourist class, of the specialists and their immediate families,
the insurance of specialists against professional risks and accidents.
You are also to provide at your own expense all the Soviet specialists, interpreters, and their families with adequately furnished air-conditioned accommodation.
In addition you are to provide our specialists with transport facilities for business trips in the country and free medical service, including hospitalization.
We should like to stipulate the fact that if a specialist falls ill during his stay in..., you are not to suspend payment of the reimbursement rates during his illness.
The number of specialists sent by us will depend on the volume of works. The period of their stay in your country is to be agreed upon during negotiations.
Awaiting your reply,
Yours faith fully