- •Vocabulary 253
- •Information for study
- •If it keeps up, man atrophy all his limbs but the push-button finger.
- •1. Read and translate the text.
- •2. Check up your understanding.
- •3. Retell the text briefly using the following expressions:
- •4. What's missing? You can help yourself referring to the text.
- •5. Rearrange the words and get the right sentences.
- •6. Put the letters in order to make words, then use the words to complete the sentences.
- •7. There are two words given in each item. You must explain
- •8. Give the opposites of the following words.
- •9. Give the synonyms of the following words:
- •10. What verbs frequently precede these words?
- •11. Supply the articles where necessary:
- •12. Translate into English:
- •13. Are you up to giving a right explanation?
- •Who can express the most precise meaning of the word? Are you getting on well with your English? Try to do your best!
- •14. Fairly and rather
- •1. Match the words given in the left column with their definitions in the right column, e.G. 1-21:
- •2. Invent sentences using the expressions from the list below:
- •3. Reading comprehension
- •Computer terms in use
- •If it’s beyond your reach, give Russian explanations at least.
- •Information for study
- •We live in a time when automation is ushering in a second industrial revolution.
- •1. Read and translate the text.
- •2. Are you an experienced person?
- •3. Retell the text briefly using the following words and expressions:
- •4. What’s missing? You can help yourself referring to the text.
- •5. Rearrange the words and get the right sentences.
- •6. Put the letters in order to make words, then use the words to complete the sentences.
- •11. Supply the articles where necessary:
- •12. Translate into English.
- •13. Are you up to giving a right explanation?
- •3. Vocabulary training
- •Identification of words.
- •4. Computer terms in use
- •1. Read and try to understand the given above text.
- •2. No doubt, a person who is willing to establish a new business must have certain skills, such as:
- •Phrasal verbs
- •If there is a possibility of several things going wrong, the one that will cause the most damage will be the one to go wrong.
- •If anything just cannot go wrong, it will anyway.
- •If everything seems to go well, you have obviously overlooked something.
- •Information for study
- •1. Read and translate the text.
- •2. Check up your understanding. Give full answers:
- •3. Retell the text briefly using the following expressions and terms:
- •4. What’s missing? If you are in doubt refer to the text.
- •5. Rearrange the words and get the right sentences:
- •6. Put the letters in order to make words, then use the words to complete the sentences:
- •12. Translate into English:
- •13. Are you up to giving a right explanation?
- •If you’re in doubt we can help you.
- •He did his best and won the prize.
- •3. Vocabulary training
- •1. Identification of words
- •2. Useful expressions
- •Invent sentences using the expressions from the left column:
- •3. Reading comprehension
- •4. Computer terms in use
- •If it is beyond your grasp give at least Russian explanation:
- •Information for study
- •3. Vocabulary training
- •Fig. 1 Basic Computer Architecture
- •Moor’s law
- •1. Information for study
- •3. Vocabulary training
- •Inflation
- •Infidelity
- •1. Information for study
- •If builders built buildings the way the programmers wrote programs, the first woodpecker to come along would destroy civilization.
- •1. Read and translate the text.
- •2. Check up your understanding. Give full answers:
- •3. Retell the text briefly using the following terms and expressions:
- •4. What is missing? If you are in doubt refer to the text. Take it into account that in each item the first letter of the missing word is used:
- •5. Rearrange the words and get the right sentences:
- •6. Supply the preposition if one is missing. If necessary refer to the text:
- •12. Translate into English.
- •13. Are you up to giving a right explanation?
- •3. Vocabulary training
- •Identification of words
- •2. Useful expressions
- •3. Phrasal verbs
- •If necessary use the dictionary at the end of this book.
- •4. Reading comprehension
- •5. Computer terms in use
- •Read and try to understand the given above text.
- •What’s your opinion concerning software piracy? Will it exist always?
- •It is a rather pleasant experience to be alone in a bank at night.
- •1. Information for study
- •Information.
- •1. Read and translate the text.
- •2. Check up your understanding. Give full answers.
- •3. Retell the text briefly using the fallowing expressions and terms:
- •4. What’s missing? If you are in doubt refer to the text. Take it into account that in each item the first letter of the missed word is used.
- •5. Rearrange the words and get the right sentences.
- •6. Supply the preposition if one is missing.
- •12. Are you up to giving a right explanation?
- •3. Vocabulary training
- •Identification of words
- •Useful expressions
- •Invent sentences using the following expressions and words:
- •Reading comprehension
- •4. Each sentence contains a word that is wrong.
- •5. Fill the gaps with the appropriate word. Then refer to the text.
- •Give the explanation to the following acronyms and abbreviations (p. 223 will help you):
- •Multimedia
- •Programming languages and functions
- •Real-Time Communication
- •I give myself sometimes admirable advice, but I’m incapable of taking it.
- •Inject a few raisins of conversation into the tasteless dough of existence.
- •It is a human zoo.
- •I’ve had three wives, six children, six grandchildren, and I still don’t understand women.
- •Vittorio Gassman
- •I prefer the company of women. I’m buzzed by the female mystique.
- •If Restaurants Function Like Microsoft
- •I don’t know why women want any of the things men have when one of the things that women have is men.
- •Fairly, rather
- •Vocabulary training
- •1. Match the words with their definitions:
- •3. Reading comprehension
- •Vocabulary training
- •1. Identification of words
- •3. Reading comprehension
- •4. Computer terms in use
- •Do and make
- •3. Vocabulary training
- •1. Identification of words
- •2. Reading comprehension
- •4. Computer terms in use
- •Vocabulary training
- •Verb study practice
- •Vocabulary training
- •Vocabulary training
- •Vocabulary training
- •Webster’s Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language.
- •Vocabulary
- •I. Funk, n. Lewis
- •Webster’s Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary Of the English Language
Read and try to understand the given above text.
What’s your opinion concerning software piracy? Will it exist always?
Thank you for your hard work!
5. Relax a bit
To be sure of hitting the target, shoot first, and call whatever you hit the target.
Programming laws:
Any given program when running is obsolete.
Any new program costs more and takes longer.
If a program is useful it will have to be changed.
If a program is useless it will have to be documented.
Any program will expand to fill available memory.
Program complexity grows until it exceeds the capabilities of the programmer who must maintain it.
Any non-trivial program contains at least one bug.
Axiom: human beings are unreliable. As a consequence, any system which depends on human reliability is unreliable. Hence, hardware and software are unreliable.
Tell a man there are 300 billion stars in the universe and he’ll believe you. Tell him a bench has wet paint on it and he’ll have to touch to be sure.
The average woman would rather have beauty than brains because the average man can see better than he can think.
It is a rather pleasant experience to be alone in a bank at night.
W. Sutton
My boyfriend keeps telling me I’ve got to own things. So, first I bought this car. And then he told me I oughta get a house. «Why a house?» «Well, you gotta have a place to park the car».
Julia Roberts
Life experience
Profession
A doctor, physicist, and politician were arguing about whose profession was the oldest.
«Of course mine», said the doctor, «because Eve was created from Adam’s rib, and that was a medical phenomenon».
«But before that order was created from chaos and that could be made only by physicist», said the physicist.
«Dear friends», noted the politician, but in the beginning someone had to create chaos …
Love
«You’re right», said a golfer to his wife, «I love golf more than I love you. But remember I love you more than I love tennis».
Birthday
Ann said proudly, «My grand grandfather doesn’t drink, smoke, eat meat, philander with women, gamble and swear, and tomorrow he is going to celebrate his 95th birthday!»
Jack looked at her surprisingly and asked: «How?!»
Airplane
The plane took off. Suddenly it shuttered when one of the engines blew up, then another one. The passengers were in a panic. A pilot asked them to keep quiet as it was nothing to worry about. Then he walked to the door of the aircraft, grabbed several packages, and handed them to the flight attendants. «Say», asked an alert passenger, «aren’t those parachutes»?
«Yes, they are», answered the pilot. «But you said there was nothing to worry about», went on the passenger. «There isn’t», replied the pilot as the third engine exploded. «We’re going to get help».
U NIT 7
1. Information for study
Internet
People always wanted to communicate and share information. That was the main reason for the development of computer network.
Computer network is a group of computers that can interact by means of a shared communication link. There are two types of network:
Local area network (LAN) is a network where computers are connected together directly, usually by cable. It is used in offices etc.
Wide area network (WAN) is a network of local area networks connected together. The connection might be a cable or a mixture of cable, fiber optic, and satellite connectivity.
Modem (abbreviation for modulate / demodulate) is a device that allows computers to communicate over ordinary phone lines. It converts digital computer data back and forth for use with analog phone line. There are two types of modems: internal and external. Internal means that modem goes inside your computer. External modem is outside your computer and must be plugged into it.
A server is a computer designed to provide various services for an entire network. It is typically either a workstation or a mainframe because it will usually be expected to handle far greater loads than ordinary desktop systems.
The roots of the Internet go to 1969, when the Defense Advanced Research Projects arm of the Department of Defense created ARPANET for research in networking. The project title was «Resource Sharing Computer Networks». The work centered around the problem in the Department of Defense – how to keep military sites in communication across the country in the event of a nuclear war.
In the beginning research was the main goal of the system. In 1994 an explosion of direct connections to the Internet occurs. Research is not any more the only purpose of Internet. The Internet experiences a steady growing process. Not only universities, research companies and other organizations became part of the Internet, but many of small businesses and homes were connected.
The estimate for year 2000 was 40 million people connected to the Internet and the large majority were home connections in more than 50 countries.
The Internet provides many services. Among them: