- •Vocabulary 253
- •Information for study
- •If it keeps up, man atrophy all his limbs but the push-button finger.
- •1. Read and translate the text.
- •2. Check up your understanding.
- •3. Retell the text briefly using the following expressions:
- •4. What's missing? You can help yourself referring to the text.
- •5. Rearrange the words and get the right sentences.
- •6. Put the letters in order to make words, then use the words to complete the sentences.
- •7. There are two words given in each item. You must explain
- •8. Give the opposites of the following words.
- •9. Give the synonyms of the following words:
- •10. What verbs frequently precede these words?
- •11. Supply the articles where necessary:
- •12. Translate into English:
- •13. Are you up to giving a right explanation?
- •Who can express the most precise meaning of the word? Are you getting on well with your English? Try to do your best!
- •14. Fairly and rather
- •1. Match the words given in the left column with their definitions in the right column, e.G. 1-21:
- •2. Invent sentences using the expressions from the list below:
- •3. Reading comprehension
- •Computer terms in use
- •If it’s beyond your reach, give Russian explanations at least.
- •Information for study
- •We live in a time when automation is ushering in a second industrial revolution.
- •1. Read and translate the text.
- •2. Are you an experienced person?
- •3. Retell the text briefly using the following words and expressions:
- •4. What’s missing? You can help yourself referring to the text.
- •5. Rearrange the words and get the right sentences.
- •6. Put the letters in order to make words, then use the words to complete the sentences.
- •11. Supply the articles where necessary:
- •12. Translate into English.
- •13. Are you up to giving a right explanation?
- •3. Vocabulary training
- •Identification of words.
- •4. Computer terms in use
- •1. Read and try to understand the given above text.
- •2. No doubt, a person who is willing to establish a new business must have certain skills, such as:
- •Phrasal verbs
- •If there is a possibility of several things going wrong, the one that will cause the most damage will be the one to go wrong.
- •If anything just cannot go wrong, it will anyway.
- •If everything seems to go well, you have obviously overlooked something.
- •Information for study
- •1. Read and translate the text.
- •2. Check up your understanding. Give full answers:
- •3. Retell the text briefly using the following expressions and terms:
- •4. What’s missing? If you are in doubt refer to the text.
- •5. Rearrange the words and get the right sentences:
- •6. Put the letters in order to make words, then use the words to complete the sentences:
- •12. Translate into English:
- •13. Are you up to giving a right explanation?
- •If you’re in doubt we can help you.
- •He did his best and won the prize.
- •3. Vocabulary training
- •1. Identification of words
- •2. Useful expressions
- •Invent sentences using the expressions from the left column:
- •3. Reading comprehension
- •4. Computer terms in use
- •If it is beyond your grasp give at least Russian explanation:
- •Information for study
- •3. Vocabulary training
- •Fig. 1 Basic Computer Architecture
- •Moor’s law
- •1. Information for study
- •3. Vocabulary training
- •Inflation
- •Infidelity
- •1. Information for study
- •If builders built buildings the way the programmers wrote programs, the first woodpecker to come along would destroy civilization.
- •1. Read and translate the text.
- •2. Check up your understanding. Give full answers:
- •3. Retell the text briefly using the following terms and expressions:
- •4. What is missing? If you are in doubt refer to the text. Take it into account that in each item the first letter of the missing word is used:
- •5. Rearrange the words and get the right sentences:
- •6. Supply the preposition if one is missing. If necessary refer to the text:
- •12. Translate into English.
- •13. Are you up to giving a right explanation?
- •3. Vocabulary training
- •Identification of words
- •2. Useful expressions
- •3. Phrasal verbs
- •If necessary use the dictionary at the end of this book.
- •4. Reading comprehension
- •5. Computer terms in use
- •Read and try to understand the given above text.
- •What’s your opinion concerning software piracy? Will it exist always?
- •It is a rather pleasant experience to be alone in a bank at night.
- •1. Information for study
- •Information.
- •1. Read and translate the text.
- •2. Check up your understanding. Give full answers.
- •3. Retell the text briefly using the fallowing expressions and terms:
- •4. What’s missing? If you are in doubt refer to the text. Take it into account that in each item the first letter of the missed word is used.
- •5. Rearrange the words and get the right sentences.
- •6. Supply the preposition if one is missing.
- •12. Are you up to giving a right explanation?
- •3. Vocabulary training
- •Identification of words
- •Useful expressions
- •Invent sentences using the following expressions and words:
- •Reading comprehension
- •4. Each sentence contains a word that is wrong.
- •5. Fill the gaps with the appropriate word. Then refer to the text.
- •Give the explanation to the following acronyms and abbreviations (p. 223 will help you):
- •Multimedia
- •Programming languages and functions
- •Real-Time Communication
- •I give myself sometimes admirable advice, but I’m incapable of taking it.
- •Inject a few raisins of conversation into the tasteless dough of existence.
- •It is a human zoo.
- •I’ve had three wives, six children, six grandchildren, and I still don’t understand women.
- •Vittorio Gassman
- •I prefer the company of women. I’m buzzed by the female mystique.
- •If Restaurants Function Like Microsoft
- •I don’t know why women want any of the things men have when one of the things that women have is men.
- •Fairly, rather
- •Vocabulary training
- •1. Match the words with their definitions:
- •3. Reading comprehension
- •Vocabulary training
- •1. Identification of words
- •3. Reading comprehension
- •4. Computer terms in use
- •Do and make
- •3. Vocabulary training
- •1. Identification of words
- •2. Reading comprehension
- •4. Computer terms in use
- •Vocabulary training
- •Verb study practice
- •Vocabulary training
- •Vocabulary training
- •Vocabulary training
- •Webster’s Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language.
- •Vocabulary
- •I. Funk, n. Lewis
- •Webster’s Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary Of the English Language
3. Vocabulary training
Identification of words
Match the words in the left-hand column with their equivalents in the right-hand column, e.g. 3-4. If necessary look up the dictionary.
1. primary |
1. grow wider or bigger |
2. definition |
2. put a limit on |
3. expand |
3. at last, finally |
4. consume |
4. make (a book etc) from information that has been collected |
5. restrict |
5. increase |
6. eventually |
6. make it possible for |
7. compile |
7. an area of interest |
8. flexible |
8. precise statement or explanation |
9. enable |
9. follow |
10. track |
10. easily bent |
11. augment |
11. chief |
12. domain |
12. use up |
2. Useful expressions
Match the expressions in the left-hand column with their equivalentsin the right-hand column, e.g. 1-3:
1. in the beginning |
1. don’t lose the opportunity |
2. hit the market |
2. have good taste in |
3. jump at the chance |
3. be successful |
4. have an eye for |
4. put on sale |
5. have a screw loose |
5. at first |
6. have eyes only for |
6. prefer |
7. have got it made |
7. be foolish |
8. had rather |
8. give all attention to |
3. Phrasal verbs
Make up your own sentences using the phrasal verbs from the list below.
If necessary use the dictionary at the end of this book.
Run on; develop into; process into; fall into; check for; sell along with; sort out; go on; forge into; sift through.
4. Reading comprehension
Read the text, try to understand the topic, look for the logical sequence of the items and put them in the proper order.
The first and the last item are in the right position.
An OCR (Optical Character Recognition) system enables you to input printed documents into your computer automatically via a scanner.
FineReader is an omnifont optical text recognition system. It means that the system recognizes texts in practically any font without prior training. The process of document input can be divided into two stages:
The principles of IPA (Integrity, Purposefulness, Adaptivity):
Integrity – the object of recognition is described as a single entity by a set of basic elements and their interrelations.
Purposefulness – recognition is a process of generation and purposeful verification of hypotheses.
Adaptivity – the system ability to learn and be trained.
Let’s take a closer look at the second of two mentioned above stages.
FineReader OCR image processing involves analyzing the image file transmitted by the scanner (layout analysis) and recognizing each character.
These three principles determine the systems behavior. The system generates a hypothesis about object of recognition and then tries to find all the structural elements and their interrelations step by step. Then the program adapts itself to the text – tunes itself – using the positive experience gained from the first confidently recognized characters. Purposeful searching and using context enable the system to recognize even torn and distorted characters.
The final result is the recognized text you see in the FineReader Text window, a text you can edit save in any convenient format.
These two stages are:
Scanning. During the first stage the scanner acts as the «eye» of your computer; it looks at the image and transfers it into the computer.
Recognition. During the second stage FineRider performs the OCR image processing.