- •Vocabulary 253
- •Information for study
- •If it keeps up, man atrophy all his limbs but the push-button finger.
- •1. Read and translate the text.
- •2. Check up your understanding.
- •3. Retell the text briefly using the following expressions:
- •4. What's missing? You can help yourself referring to the text.
- •5. Rearrange the words and get the right sentences.
- •6. Put the letters in order to make words, then use the words to complete the sentences.
- •7. There are two words given in each item. You must explain
- •8. Give the opposites of the following words.
- •9. Give the synonyms of the following words:
- •10. What verbs frequently precede these words?
- •11. Supply the articles where necessary:
- •12. Translate into English:
- •13. Are you up to giving a right explanation?
- •Who can express the most precise meaning of the word? Are you getting on well with your English? Try to do your best!
- •14. Fairly and rather
- •1. Match the words given in the left column with their definitions in the right column, e.G. 1-21:
- •2. Invent sentences using the expressions from the list below:
- •3. Reading comprehension
- •Computer terms in use
- •If it’s beyond your reach, give Russian explanations at least.
- •Information for study
- •We live in a time when automation is ushering in a second industrial revolution.
- •1. Read and translate the text.
- •2. Are you an experienced person?
- •3. Retell the text briefly using the following words and expressions:
- •4. What’s missing? You can help yourself referring to the text.
- •5. Rearrange the words and get the right sentences.
- •6. Put the letters in order to make words, then use the words to complete the sentences.
- •11. Supply the articles where necessary:
- •12. Translate into English.
- •13. Are you up to giving a right explanation?
- •3. Vocabulary training
- •Identification of words.
- •4. Computer terms in use
- •1. Read and try to understand the given above text.
- •2. No doubt, a person who is willing to establish a new business must have certain skills, such as:
- •Phrasal verbs
- •If there is a possibility of several things going wrong, the one that will cause the most damage will be the one to go wrong.
- •If anything just cannot go wrong, it will anyway.
- •If everything seems to go well, you have obviously overlooked something.
- •Information for study
- •1. Read and translate the text.
- •2. Check up your understanding. Give full answers:
- •3. Retell the text briefly using the following expressions and terms:
- •4. What’s missing? If you are in doubt refer to the text.
- •5. Rearrange the words and get the right sentences:
- •6. Put the letters in order to make words, then use the words to complete the sentences:
- •12. Translate into English:
- •13. Are you up to giving a right explanation?
- •If you’re in doubt we can help you.
- •He did his best and won the prize.
- •3. Vocabulary training
- •1. Identification of words
- •2. Useful expressions
- •Invent sentences using the expressions from the left column:
- •3. Reading comprehension
- •4. Computer terms in use
- •If it is beyond your grasp give at least Russian explanation:
- •Information for study
- •3. Vocabulary training
- •Fig. 1 Basic Computer Architecture
- •Moor’s law
- •1. Information for study
- •3. Vocabulary training
- •Inflation
- •Infidelity
- •1. Information for study
- •If builders built buildings the way the programmers wrote programs, the first woodpecker to come along would destroy civilization.
- •1. Read and translate the text.
- •2. Check up your understanding. Give full answers:
- •3. Retell the text briefly using the following terms and expressions:
- •4. What is missing? If you are in doubt refer to the text. Take it into account that in each item the first letter of the missing word is used:
- •5. Rearrange the words and get the right sentences:
- •6. Supply the preposition if one is missing. If necessary refer to the text:
- •12. Translate into English.
- •13. Are you up to giving a right explanation?
- •3. Vocabulary training
- •Identification of words
- •2. Useful expressions
- •3. Phrasal verbs
- •If necessary use the dictionary at the end of this book.
- •4. Reading comprehension
- •5. Computer terms in use
- •Read and try to understand the given above text.
- •What’s your opinion concerning software piracy? Will it exist always?
- •It is a rather pleasant experience to be alone in a bank at night.
- •1. Information for study
- •Information.
- •1. Read and translate the text.
- •2. Check up your understanding. Give full answers.
- •3. Retell the text briefly using the fallowing expressions and terms:
- •4. What’s missing? If you are in doubt refer to the text. Take it into account that in each item the first letter of the missed word is used.
- •5. Rearrange the words and get the right sentences.
- •6. Supply the preposition if one is missing.
- •12. Are you up to giving a right explanation?
- •3. Vocabulary training
- •Identification of words
- •Useful expressions
- •Invent sentences using the following expressions and words:
- •Reading comprehension
- •4. Each sentence contains a word that is wrong.
- •5. Fill the gaps with the appropriate word. Then refer to the text.
- •Give the explanation to the following acronyms and abbreviations (p. 223 will help you):
- •Multimedia
- •Programming languages and functions
- •Real-Time Communication
- •I give myself sometimes admirable advice, but I’m incapable of taking it.
- •Inject a few raisins of conversation into the tasteless dough of existence.
- •It is a human zoo.
- •I’ve had three wives, six children, six grandchildren, and I still don’t understand women.
- •Vittorio Gassman
- •I prefer the company of women. I’m buzzed by the female mystique.
- •If Restaurants Function Like Microsoft
- •I don’t know why women want any of the things men have when one of the things that women have is men.
- •Fairly, rather
- •Vocabulary training
- •1. Match the words with their definitions:
- •3. Reading comprehension
- •Vocabulary training
- •1. Identification of words
- •3. Reading comprehension
- •4. Computer terms in use
- •Do and make
- •3. Vocabulary training
- •1. Identification of words
- •2. Reading comprehension
- •4. Computer terms in use
- •Vocabulary training
- •Verb study practice
- •Vocabulary training
- •Vocabulary training
- •Vocabulary training
- •Webster’s Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language.
- •Vocabulary
- •I. Funk, n. Lewis
- •Webster’s Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary Of the English Language
6. Put the letters in order to make words, then use the words to complete the sentences:
guicopmtn, raalccculto, somcprute, getchnoloy, ncbtontriuio, amgtdniue, mmdeiu, owls
Digital computers now dominate the …. world in all areas ranging from the hand …. to the supercomputer.
The mechanical era of …. lasted from 1623 up to 1945.
The main reason Babbage was not able to complete his projects was the fact that the …. of the day was not reliable.
Turing’s main …. to the field of computer science was the idea of the Turing machine.
Through the use of a memory EDVAC was able to run orders of …. faster than ENIAC.
The designers stored instructions and data in the same …. .
The first computers were extremely ….. .
7. There are two words in each item. You must explain how is «a» like «b» and how «a» differs from «b»:
(a) work, (b) job;
(a) difference, (b) likeness;
(a) competitor (b) opponent;
(a) mechanical computer, (b) electronic computer;
(a) gold, (b) silver;
(a) construct, (b) design;
(a) computer, (b) calculator;
(a) purpose (b) goal;
(a) fast (b) slow;
(a) complex (b) primitive.
8. Give the opposites of the following words:
1. early; 2. digital; 3. arise; 4. supercomputer; 5. evolution; 6. science; 7. wide; 8. be capable; 9. reliable; 10. merge; 11. complete; 12. win; 13. open; 14.finish; 15. external; 16. faster; 17. large; 18. modern; 19. be able; 20. powerful.
9. Give the synonyms of the following words:
1. evolution; 2. machine; 3. construct; 4. major; 5. need; 6. general; 7. found; 8. complete; 9. improve; 10. concentrate; 11. match.
10. What verbs precede these words?
1. improvement; 2. a machine; 3. technology; 4. a calculator; 5. benefit; 6. a role; 7. codes; 8. a task; 9. a problem; 10. a circuit.
11. Supply the articles where necessary:
…. first programmable computing device was begun in 1823.
…. evolution of computers technique is divided into generations.
Their machine won …. gold medal at …. Exhibition in Paris, and later it was used to calculate …. orbit of Mars.
…. engineers began to work on …. smaller version.
One of …. first commercial uses of mechanical computers was by …. US Census Bureau.
…. technology was still new at that time and …. tubes were comparable to relays in reliability.
…. earliest attempt to build an electronic computer was realized in 1937.
…. second early electronic machine was Colossus, designed for the British military in 1943.
….Turing’s main contribution to …. field of computer science was …. idea of …. Turing machine, …. mathematical formalism widely used in …. study of computable functions.
…. main contribution of their new project, was …. notion of stored program.
12. Translate into English:
Спор о преимуществах цифровых компьютеров по сравнению с аналоговыми продолжался длительное время до 1960 года.
Все цифровые компьютеры в зависимости от их возможностей и конструкции разделяют на несколько поколений.
Каждое поколение превосходит по своим характеристикам предыдущее.
Поэтому, фактически, история развития компьютеров является историей развития их поколений.
Самая первая компьютерная эра, которая была самой длительной, связана с развитием механических компьютеров.
Первый компьютер, получивший золотую медаль на выставке в Париже, был разработан в 1893 году.
Первая компьютерная корпорация была создана в 1911 году, когда слились две конкурирующие компьютерные компании.
Самая первая попытка построить электронный компьютер была предпринята в 1941 году.
Этот компьютер сыграл важную роль во время второй мировой войны, так как был использован для дешифровки немецких секретных кодов.
Создание памяти было важным шагом в истории развития современных компьютеров.
В современных компьютерах память можно наращивать (увеличивать).