- •030300.62 - Психология
- •Содержание
- •Unit 11. Social Pressure and Perception……………………………………….42 Unit 12. Secrets of the Brain: the Mystery of Memory……………………...…45
- •Unit 22. Psychological and Drug Treatments………………………………….90 Unit 23. Computational modeling. Criticisms of psychology………………….93
- •Предисловие
- •Unit 1 Organization of the Nervous System
- •VI. Give the summary of the text. Unit 2 How the Brain is Studied
- •I. Answer the following questions on the text.
- •Unit 3 What Is Psychology
- •VIII. Give the summary of the text.
- •IX. Read the text and then translate it in writing.
- •Unit 4 Psychology As a Science
- •V. Complete the sentences.
- •VI. Make up sentences from the following words and word combinations.
- •VII. Give the summary of the text.
- •VIII. The text below is concerned with the application of psychology in children's education. Read the text and identify the topic.
- •Unit 5 Conceptual Approaches to Psychology
- •I. Answer the following questions on the text.
- •II. Answer the question expressing your own opinion.
- •III. Give Russian equivalents of the following.
- •IV. Find English equivalents in the text.
- •V. Complete the sentences.
- •VI. Make up sentences.
- •VII. Give the summary of the text.
- •VIII. Read the passage below, say what is new in it when compared with text "Conceptual Approaches to Psychology".
- •IX. Read the text below to identify the difference contained in some of the existing views on intelligence. Express your own opinion.
- •Unit 6 How Do Psychologists Study the Mind?
- •Active Agent And/Or Passive Victim
- •Unit 7 Careers in Psychology
- •Unit 8 What Is the Difference Between a Psychologist and a Psychiatrist?
- •I. Answer the following questions on the text.
- •Unit 9 What is Clinical Psychology?
- •I. Answer the following questions on the text.
- •Unit 10 Perception and Imagery
- •I. Answer the following questions on the text.
- •VII. Speak about perception and imagery.
- •VIII. Look through the text and say what new information you have learnt from it. Reading
- •Unit 11 Social Pressure and Perception
- •I. Answer the following questions on the text.
- •Controlled experiments
- •Unit 12 Secrets of the Brain: the Mystery of Memory
- •I. Answer the following questions on the text.
- •II. Answer the question expressing your own opinion. (no less that 10 sentences).
- •III. Give Russian equivalents of the following.
- •IV. Find English equivalents in the text
- •V. Complete the sentences.
- •VI. Make up sentences from the following words and word combinations.
- •VII. Speak about memory and its classification.
- •VIII. Read the text and answer the questions.
- •IX. Compare the American classification of memory suggested in the text below with the Russian one.
- •X. Test yourself.
- •XI. Read the text and then translate it in writing.
- •Unit 13 Thinking As a Process of Cognition
- •Answer the following questions on the text.
- •II. Answer the question expressing your own opinion. (no less that 10 sentences).
- •III. Give Russian equivalents of the following.
- •IV. Find English equivalents in the text
- •V. Complete the sentences.
- •VI. Make up sentences from the following words and word combinations.
- •VII. Speak out about thinking as a process of cognition.
- •VIII. Look through the passages from a to e which contain examples of inadequate ways of thinking and match them with the titles.
- •Unit 14 Motivation
- •I. Answer the following questions on the text.
- •II. Answer the question expressing your own opinion. (no less that 10 sentences).
- •III. Give Russian equivalents of the following.
- •IV. Find English equivalents in the text.
- •V. Complete the sentences.
- •VI. Make up sentences from the following words and word combinations.
- •VII. Speak about motivation.
- •VIII. Look through the text, using Notes, and give written answers on the following questions.
- •Hunger, Achievement, and Intrinsic Motivation
- •IX. Look through the text and single out the main problems raised.
- •X. Read the text and then translate it in writing.
- •Unit 15 Sleep
- •I. Answer the following questions on the text.
- •II. Answer the question expressing your own opinion. (no less that 10 sentences).
- •III. Give Russian equivalents of the following.
- •IV. Find English equivalents in the text
- •V. Complete the sentences.
- •VI. Make up sentences from the following words and word combinations:
- •VII. Speak about two kinds of sleep.
- •VIII. Read the text and give a 2-minute summary of it. Record your summary.
- •IX. Read the text. Give your arguments to support or reject one of the two points of view.
- •X. A. What are your sleeping habits? Interview your fellow student using this questionnaire (work in pairs).
- •XI. Play the Dream Game which can help you to understand your inner personality.
- •Interpretation
- •XII. Read the text and then translate it in writing.
- •Unit 16 Color Psychology
- •Adjustment
- •Unit 17 What Is Stress?
- •Stressors Cause Stress
- •The Consequences of Stress
- •Psychoanalysis and Person-Centered Therapy
- •Unit 18 Affiliation
- •I. After reading the text on affiliation answer whether the following statements are true or false:
- •II. Answer the question expressing your own opinion. (no less that 10 sentences).
- •III. Give Russian equivalents of the following.
- •IV. Find English equivalents in the text
- •V. Look through the text and
- •VI. Write out words from the text according to the following criteria:
- •VIII. Match the words with the opposite meaning:
- •IX. Match the words with a similar meaning:
- •X. Read the text and then translate it in writing. Social Comparison
- •Unit 19 Mental health
- •Relationships. Seperation & divorce. Sex.
- •Unit 20 Depression
- •Why is it important?
- •What's the difference between just feeling miserable and being depressed?
- •What are the signs and symptoms?
- •Why is depression different for men?
- •How do men cope?
- •Unit 21 What is a social phobia?
- •I. Answer the following questions on the text:
- •II. Answer the question expressing your own opinion. (no less that 10 sentences).
- •III. Give Russian equivalents of the following.
- •IV. Find English equivalents in the text
- •V. Give the summary of the text.
- •VI. Read the text and then translate it in writing. Pregnancy & children. Unemployment & retirement.
- •Unit 22 Psychological and Drug Treatments
- •Drug treatments
- •Suicide. Violence.
- •Unit 23 Computational modeling. Criticisms of psychology.
- •I. Answer the following questions on the text:
- •Correlational studies. Longitudinal studies. Neuropsychological methods.
- •Контрольные вопросы
- •Литература
I. Answer the following questions on the text.
1. How can we tell whether a particular part of the brain is associated with a particular behaviour?
2. Has a detailed atlas of the brain mapping psychological functions been made?
3. Are all areas of the brain equipotential?
4. Are any functions of the brain duplicated in more than one brain area? Why?
5. Is it possible to remove systematically parts of the brain and observe the kinds of defects that result? In humans or animals?
6. What is EEG? Does it play any part in the study of central nervous system activity?
II. Answer the question expressing your own opinion. (no less that 10 sentences).
What do permanently implanted electrodes in animals help determine? Can they affect behavior? Do you know of any unusual experiments?
III. Give Russian equivalents of the following.
Fairly circumscribed brain areas, recognition of spoken words, production of motor responses, concussion or stroke, physiological psychologists and neurophysiologists, speech defects, electroencephalogram.
IV. Find English equivalents in the text
Спорный вопрос, технический прогресс, стимулирование, брать на себя, приводить к, соответствующие места, решение проблемы, в точности повторяющийся, языковой центр.
V. Complete the sentences.
1. The brain is a very complex …
2. Stimulating parts of the brain …
3. Brain surgery on human patients is often done under…
4. Studies with permanently implanted electrodes in animals help …
5. Noting the kind of symptoms …
VI. Make up sentences from the following words and word combinations.
1. chemical, widely, stimulation, also, been used, to affect, behavior, has.
2. produces, the brain, as a whole, also, electrical, rhythmical, discharges.
3. slight, when, occurs, neural, action, electrical, are produced, currents.
4. all, equipotential, areas, of the human, are not, brain.
VII. Give the summary of the text.
Unit 3 What Is Psychology
Цель – формирование представлений студентов о психологии как прикладной дисциплине, использование знания иностранного языка в профессиональной деятельности и профессиональной коммуникации.
Key words
1. psychology 2. scientific 3. study 4. mental 5. behaviour 6. environment 7. pattern 8. human being 9. thought 10. feeling 11. action 12. mind 13. dream 14. desire 15. mental illness 16. research 17. psychologist 18. personality 19. habit 20. insight |
психология научный исследование, изучение умственный, психический поведение окружающая среда, окружение образец, пример человек мысль чувство действие разум, ум сон, мечта желание психическое расстройство исследование психолог личность, индивидуальность привычка способность понимать умственные процессы, схватывание сути проблемной ситуации, внезапное нахождение решения (на основе опыта и интуиции) |
Text
Psychology is the scientific study of mental processes and behaviour. Psychologists observe and record how people and other animals relate to one another and to the environment. They look for patterns that will help them understand and predict behaviour, and they use scientific methods to test their ideas. Through such studies, psychologists have learned much that can help people fulfill their potential as human beings and increase understanding between individuals, groups, nations, and cultures.
Psychology is a broad field that explores a variety of questions about thoughts, feelings, and actions. Psychologists ask such questions as: "How do we see, hear, smell, taste, and feel? What enables us to learn, think, and remember, and why do we forget? What activities distinguish human beings from other animals? What abilities are we born with, and which must we learn? How much does the mind affect the body, and how does the body affect the mind? For example, can we change our heart rate or temperature just by thinking about doing so? What can our dreams tell us about our needs, wishes, and desires? Why do we like the people we like? What is mental illness?"
The research findings of psychologists have greatly increased our understanding of why people behave as they do. For example, psychologists have discovered much about how personality develops and how to promote healthy development. They have some knowledge of how to help people change bad habits and how to help students learn. They understand some of the conditions that can make workers more productive. A great deal remains to be discovered. Nevertheless, insights provided by psychology can help people function better as individuals, friends, family members, and workers.
EXERCISES
I. Answer the following questions on the text.
1. What is psychology?
2. What do psychologists do?
3. What does psychology explore?
4. What kind of questions do psychologists ask?
5. Why do we need psychological research?
6. How can psychology help us?
II. Answer the following questions expressing your own opinion.
1. Why do you want to become a professional psychologist?
2. What is your favourite topic in psychology?
3. When do you think a person should consult a psychologist?
III. Give Russian equivalents of the following.
Understand and predict behaviour, to fulfill one’s potential, psychology is a broad field, how personality develops, bad habits, conditions that can make workers more productive.
IV. Find English equivalents in the text
Давать возможность учить, думать и запоминать, какие виды деятельности отличают человека от животного?, с какими способностями мы рождаемся, а какие приобретаем?, как разум влияет на тело, и как тело влияет на разум?, почему мы любим именно тех людей, которых мы любим, расширять понимание.
V. Complete the sentences.
1. Psychology is the scientific study of …
2. Psychology is a broad field that explores …
3. The research findings of psychologists have greatly increased …
4. Insights provided by psychology can help people …
VI. Make up sentences from the following words and word combinations.
1. we, can, so, about, just, by, heart , or, rate, temperature, change, thinking, doing, our?
2. illness, is, what, mental?
3. see, we, do, smell, how, feel, and?
VII. Match the world with its definition.
1. insight |
A) any of various disorders in which a person's thoughts, emotions, or behaviour are so abnormal as to cause suffering to himself, herself, or other people |
2. psychology |
B) the capacity for understanding one's own or another's mental processes |
3. behavior |
C) the scientific study of all forms of human and animal behaviour, sometimes concerned with the methods through which behaviour can be modified |
4. mental illness |
D) a learned behavioral response that has become associated with a particular situation, esp. one frequently repeated |