II. "Conquest"
King Harold King John presenting a church
1000–1087. 1066 is not the best remembered date in British history for nothing. In the space of nine hours whilst the Battle of Hastings raged, everything changed. Anglo-Saxon England became Norman and, for the next 300 years, its fate was decided by dynasties of Norman rulers.
Task 1. What was England like before Edward the Confessor became king?
Confessor - исповедник
Heir - наследник
To have no qualms – без угрызений совести
To seize the crown – захватить королевскую власть
An evil omen – дурное предзнаменование
Moderate - умеренный
Norman knights – Норманнские рыцари
The peasants still ploughed the fields – крестьяне по-прежнему пахали поля
An inferior race – низшая раса
Canute/Cnut – сын короля Дании Свейна, правил Англией с 1016 по 1035.
A scheming, ruthless man – интриган и безжалостный человек
Treachery, murder and mutilation – измена, убийство и нанесение увечий
Task 2. Describe the main events of the reign of Edward the Confessor (reations with Earl Godwin, Edward and Normandy, Edward and Duke William, Normans at the English Court, building Westminster Abbey, Harold Godwinson and his trip to Normandy, Harold and Tostig)
Blood-stained rival – соперник запятнанный кровью
Across the Channel – На другой стороне канала: имеется в виду Франция, которую отделяет от Англии Ла Манш (English Channel)
Normandy – Нормандия, часть Франции
A refugee - беженец
Asylum - убежище
Formal homage – формальная клятва верности
Piety - благочестие
A bastard (illegitimate) son – ублюдок, незаконнорожденный сын
Vulnerable young boy – уязвимый юноша
A steely and ruthless young man – твердый и безжалостный
To rid himself of – избавиться от
To humiliate the king – унизить короля
A puppet king – король- марионетка
Was taken hostage – был взят в плен
Bayou tapestry – гобелен из города Байо
Oath - клятва
English succession – престолонаследие в Англии
Disastrous consequences – ужасные последствия
Hot head – горячий человек, сорви-голова
A mortal enemy- смертельный враг
Task 3. Describe the main events after the death of Edward the Confessor.
What events followed the death of King Edward the Confessor? (Harold’s coronation, William’s reaction, his planned crusade to England, two armies in waiting)
Became outraged – пришел в ярость
Crusade – крестовый поход
A domestic feud – семейная распря
Infidel Harold – Гарольд неверный
What was the outcome of Harold and Tostig’s feud?
Together they would be invincible – вместе они были бы непобедимы
Epic feat – героический подвиг
Describe the Battle of Stamford bridge and its aftermath (последствия)
What was the outcome of the Battle of Hastings?
Civilians – мирное население, гражданские лица
Coat of mail - кольчуга
To take heart – воспрянуть духом
What happened on Christmas day 1066 in London?
How did William the Conqueror impose his power on England?
Pledge – обещание
Resistance - сопротивление
Famine - голод
These columns speak of authority and raw power, they command obedience and reverence, they are awesome. – Эти колонны говорят об авторитете и неприкрытой власти, они внушают покорность и почтение, они вызывают благоговение.
Describe the basic political, social and cultural changes in the post-Conquest England
They owned it lock, stock and barrel – они владели всем вместе взятым
Domesday Book – перепись населения, имущества и земельных угодий, выполненная по приказу Вильгельма Завоевателя.
Impregnable – неуязвимый
Describe the final years of William I’ reign
A fitting end – достойный конец
A hermit – отшельник
Task 4. Match up the names of places and the names of people (some people are connected with several places):
Normandy, Stamford Bridge, Hastings, Denmark ;
William I, Harold Godwinson, Tostig, Swein, Canute
Task 5. Supplementary reading. Read the following information and say what facts were not mentioned in the film.
The Normans
The Normans came to govern England following one of the most famous battles in English history: the Battle of Hastings in 1066. Four Norman kings presided over a period of great change and development for the country. The Domesday Book, a great record of English land-holding, was published; the forests were extended; the Exchequer was founded; and a start was made on the Tower of London. In religious affairs, the Gregorian reform movement gathered pace and forced concessions, while the machinery of government developed to support the country while Henry was fighting abroad. Meanwhile, the social landscape altered dramatically, as the Norman aristocracy came to prominence. Many of the nobles struggled to keep a hold on their interests in both Normandy and England, as divided rule meant the threat of conflict.
This was the case when William the Conqueror died. His eldest son, Robert, became Duke of Normandy, while the next youngest, William, became king of England. Their younger brother Henry would become king on William II's death. The uneasy divide continued until Henry captured and imprisoned his elder brother.
The question of the succession continued to weigh heavily over the remainder of the period. Henry's son died, and his nominated heir Matilda was denied the throne by her cousin, Henry's nephew, Stephen. There then followed a period of civil war. Matilda married Geoffrey Plantagenet of Anjou, who took control of Normandy. The duchy was therefore separated from England once again. A compromise was eventually reached whereby the son of Matilda and Geoffrey would be heir to the English crown, while Stephen's son would inherit his baronial lands. It meant that in 1154 Henry II would ascend to the throne as the first undisputed king in over 100 years - evidence of the dynastic uncertainty of the Norman period. http://www.royal.gov.uk/