- •Английский язык
- •Предисловие
- •Part 1. Vocabulary practice
- •2. Read and translate the following text. Text 1 Electronics
- •3. Check your knowledge of the following terms.
- •4. Fill in the blanks with the words given below.
- •Part 2. Speaking practice
- •5. Answer the following questions to the text «Electronics».
- •6. Agree or disagree with the following statements. Use such word combinations as:
- •7. Make up a dialogue on the following situation:
- •Part 3. Translation practice
- •8. Выполните следующие предтекстовые задания:
- •Text 2 Fabrication Technology
- •Abstract
- •Unit 2. Vacuum Tubes part 1. Vocabulary practice
- •2. Read and translate the following text. Text 1
- •Vacuum Tubes
- •3. Give English equivalents to the following Russian terms.
- •4. Fill in the blanks with the words given in the text.
- •5. Translate into English.
- •Part 2. Speaking practice
- •6. Answer the following questions to the text “Vacuum Tubes”.
- •Part 3. Translation practice
- •Text 2 cmos Technology
- •Unit 3. Emission part 1. Vocabulary practice
- •1. Memorize the following words and word combinations.
- •2. Read and translate text 1. Text 1 Emission
- •3. Find English equivalents for the following terms.
- •4. Choose Russian equivalents for the following words from the list given below.
- •Part 2. Speaking practice
- •5. Name the main points of the text 1 basing on the following questions.
- •6. Suggest the answers to the following descriptions using the words given below.
- •7. Make up a dialogue on the following situation:
- •Part 3. Translation practice
- •8. Выполните следующие предтекстовые задания:
- •Text 2 cmos Technology
- •Unit 4. Tube Noise part 1. Vocabulary practice
- •2. Read and translate the text 1. Text 1 Tube Noise
- •3. Choose the proper word from the brackets.
- •4. Make up sentences out of the following words.
- •Part 2. Speaking practice
- •5. Point out which of these sentences does not contain the information from the text.
- •6. Give the main points of the text answering the following questions.
- •7. Write an annotation of the text. Use the following phrases.
- •8. Make up a dialogue on the following situation:
- •Part 3. Translation practice
- •9. Выполните следующие предтекстовые задания:
- •Text 2 Basic Microfabrication Steps
- •Unit 5. Compounds and Elements part 1. Vocabulary practice
- •2. Read and translate the text. Text 1 Compounds and Elements
- •3. Read the following international words and guess their meanings.
- •4. Give English equivalents for the following words and word combinations.
- •6. Translate into English.
- •Part 2. Speaking practice
- •7. Give definitions of the following words: “a compound”, “an element”, “a molecule”, “an atom”. Memorize them.
- •8. Answer the following questions to the text.
- •9. Read the following interesting facts about oxygen and discuss them in your group. Did You Know?
- •10. Reveal the structure of any element’s or compound’s molecule depicting it on the blackboard. Part 3. Translation practice
- •11. Выполните следующие предтекстовые задания:
- •Text 2 Thin-film Deposition
- •Научный редактор г.В. Царева Редактор издательства л.И. Афонина
2. Read and translate the following text. Text 1
Vacuum Tubes
We сan define electronics as the study of conduction of electricity in a vacuum, in gases and in semiconductors. The conduction of electricity in a vacuum occurs in vacuum tubes. Though in some vacuum tubes current flows from one element to the other through a gas.
A diode is a two-element vacuum tube containing an emitter of electrons, known as the cathode, and a collector electrode, termed the anode or plate. When the circuit is completed, the cathode emits electrons. Negative voltage on the cathode repels the electrons. Positive voltage on the plate attracts the electrons. The current flows through the tube. If a negative voltage is applied to the plate, current does not flow. Thus, a diode permits current to flow in only one direction. Diodes are used as rectifiers of alternating voltage, as detectors of radio signals, as switching devices, etc. The detector and rectifier tubes differ in size and current capacity but have the same general type of characteristics.
A triode is a three-electrode vacuum tube containing an emitting electrode called the cathode, a control electrode called the grid, and a current-collecting electrode called the anode or plate. When heated the cathode emits electrons. Electrons flow from the cathode to the plate. The grid is placed between the cathode and the plate. It controls the flow of electrons. The closer the grid is to the cathode, the more influence it has on the electron flow. Even if a small negative voltage is applied to the grid, this results in a large plate current. If a large negative voltage is applied to the grid, the plate current decreases. For example, the plate voltage is 150 volts. A small negative voltage of 10 volts is applied to the grid. This results in a current flow of 20 m. a. But if the negative voltage on the grid is decreased to 8 volts, this will result in a current of 30 m. a. Due to this property of a triode, it can be used for amplification.
3. Give English equivalents to the following Russian terms.
Проводник, сетка, переменное напряжение, выпрямитель, анодный ток, излучатель, полупроводник, коллектор, модулятор, детектор, проводимость электричества, излучать, поток электронов, трехэлектродная лампа, собирающий электрод, усиление, отрицательное напряжение.
4. Fill in the blanks with the words given in the text.
1. Electrons flow from the … to the … in a vacuum-tube diode. 2. When heated a cathode … electrons. 3. A three-element tube is called a … . 4. The elements of a triode are called …, …, and … . 5. … controls the flow of electrons. 6. … voltage on the plate attracts the electrons.
5. Translate into English.
1. Наша лаборатория сейчас разрабатывает новое полупроводниковое устройство. 2. Сетка помещается между катодом и анодом. 3. Чем более отрицательна сетка, тем меньше будет анодный ток. 4. Вакуумные триоды могут усиливать ток. 5. Отрицательное напряжение на катоде отталкивает электроны по направлению к аноду. 6. Чем ближе сетка к катоду, тем больше у нее влияние на поток электронов.