- •Английский язык
- •Предисловие
- •Part 1. Vocabulary practice
- •2. Read and translate the following text. Text 1 Electronics
- •3. Check your knowledge of the following terms.
- •4. Fill in the blanks with the words given below.
- •Part 2. Speaking practice
- •5. Answer the following questions to the text «Electronics».
- •6. Agree or disagree with the following statements. Use such word combinations as:
- •7. Make up a dialogue on the following situation:
- •Part 3. Translation practice
- •8. Выполните следующие предтекстовые задания:
- •Text 2 Fabrication Technology
- •Abstract
- •Unit 2. Vacuum Tubes part 1. Vocabulary practice
- •2. Read and translate the following text. Text 1
- •Vacuum Tubes
- •3. Give English equivalents to the following Russian terms.
- •4. Fill in the blanks with the words given in the text.
- •5. Translate into English.
- •Part 2. Speaking practice
- •6. Answer the following questions to the text “Vacuum Tubes”.
- •Part 3. Translation practice
- •Text 2 cmos Technology
- •Unit 3. Emission part 1. Vocabulary practice
- •1. Memorize the following words and word combinations.
- •2. Read and translate text 1. Text 1 Emission
- •3. Find English equivalents for the following terms.
- •4. Choose Russian equivalents for the following words from the list given below.
- •Part 2. Speaking practice
- •5. Name the main points of the text 1 basing on the following questions.
- •6. Suggest the answers to the following descriptions using the words given below.
- •7. Make up a dialogue on the following situation:
- •Part 3. Translation practice
- •8. Выполните следующие предтекстовые задания:
- •Text 2 cmos Technology
- •Unit 4. Tube Noise part 1. Vocabulary practice
- •2. Read and translate the text 1. Text 1 Tube Noise
- •3. Choose the proper word from the brackets.
- •4. Make up sentences out of the following words.
- •Part 2. Speaking practice
- •5. Point out which of these sentences does not contain the information from the text.
- •6. Give the main points of the text answering the following questions.
- •7. Write an annotation of the text. Use the following phrases.
- •8. Make up a dialogue on the following situation:
- •Part 3. Translation practice
- •9. Выполните следующие предтекстовые задания:
- •Text 2 Basic Microfabrication Steps
- •Unit 5. Compounds and Elements part 1. Vocabulary practice
- •2. Read and translate the text. Text 1 Compounds and Elements
- •3. Read the following international words and guess their meanings.
- •4. Give English equivalents for the following words and word combinations.
- •6. Translate into English.
- •Part 2. Speaking practice
- •7. Give definitions of the following words: “a compound”, “an element”, “a molecule”, “an atom”. Memorize them.
- •8. Answer the following questions to the text.
- •9. Read the following interesting facts about oxygen and discuss them in your group. Did You Know?
- •10. Reveal the structure of any element’s or compound’s molecule depicting it on the blackboard. Part 3. Translation practice
- •11. Выполните следующие предтекстовые задания:
- •Text 2 Thin-film Deposition
- •Научный редактор г.В. Царева Редактор издательства л.И. Афонина
3. Choose the proper word from the brackets.
1. When the cathode is heated, it (emission, to emit, emitter, emits) electrons. 2. The materials that have very few or no free electrons are called (to insulate, insulation, insulators). 3. This method is based on the ability of a material (to conduct, conduction, conducts, conductor) electricity. 4. The electrons are (repelled, attracted, attracting) by the positive voltage on the plate. 5. The shot noise in a tube (responds to, increases, depends upon, decreases) the magnitude of the current. 6. If a negative voltage (application, is applied, to apply, are applied) to the plate, current does not flow.
4. Make up sentences out of the following words.
distributed, the, evenly, is, spectrum, noise, over, the, energy, frequency;
electrons, from, the, metals, several, emission, can, in, occur, ways;
grid, the, flow, controls, of, the, electrons;
more, electrons, easily, in, can, a, more, vacuum;
less, cushioning, the, because of, noise, is, effect, a, much;
common, tubes, electronic, were, elements, radio, of, devices, and.
Part 2. Speaking practice
5. Point out which of these sentences does not contain the information from the text.
1. The common emitter circuit may be used as a power amplifier. 2. Electrons are discrete particles emitted from the cathode in a random way. 3. Electronic nature of operation makes vacuum tubes act as sources of noise. 4. A transistor may perform the same function as a vacuum tube triode. 5. The plate cannot attract more electrons than the cathode emits. 6. Besides the shot effect, there are other sources of noise in tubes.
6. Give the main points of the text answering the following questions.
1. What sources of noise do you know? 2. What is the most important source of noise? 3. What is shot effect? 4. What does the shot noise in a tube depend upon? 5. When is the noise maximum? 6. What happens if the plate does not receive all the electrons emitted by the cathode?
7. Write an annotation of the text. Use the following phrases.
The text deals with …
It is pointed out …
It is reported …
It should be stressed that …
The text also gives information on …
In addition …
To sum up …
8. Make up a dialogue on the following situation:
Find additional information about the scientists who made great contributions in electronics and in the discovery of noise in vacuum tubes. Discuss it with your partner.
Part 3. Translation practice
9. Выполните следующие предтекстовые задания:
Прочитайте текст 2.
В каждом предложении найдите подлежащее и сказуемое.
Найдите группы зависимых от них слов (второстепенные члены предложения).
Переведите все незнакомые слова. Выпишите термины в словарь и найдите их значение по словарю.
Определите, к какой предметной области относится этот текст.
Сделайте письменный перевод текста. Перечитайте текст и отредактируйте его (уберите повторы слов; избегайте смещения логического ударения, поэтому главную мысль помещайте в конец предложения; переводите цепочки из существительных справа налево, способом смыслового развертывания).
Помните!
Одной из возможных ошибок при переводе научно-технического текста является аморфность предложения, под которой мы понимаем такое построение предложений, когда грамматические отношения между словами становятся ясными лишь при учете смысла. То есть неясно, где подлежащее, где дополнение? В предложениях, состоящих из нескольких «этажей» и содержащих развернутые определения, причастные обороты и придаточные предложения, эти элементы структуры нужно рельефно выявлять.
Например, «Таковы лесные муравьи, строящие большие кучи, хорошо сохраняющие тепло, и фуражирующие на деревьях». Фраза трудна из-за однотипности второго и третьего «этажей» (причастные обороты во множественном числе). Запятая перед и помогает, но мало. «Таковы лесные муравьи, которые строят большие кучи, хорошо сохраняющие тепло, и фуражируют на деревьях».