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15. Choose the appropriate form of the verb (active or passive):

1. A body of expert lawyers (is needed / needed) to apply the law.

2. A case usually (presented / is presented) by the prosecutor.

3. Common law (based / is based) on the principle of deciding cases by reference to previous judicial decisions.

4. The world’s largest manganese deposits (located / are located) in south-central Ukraine.

5. The suspect (is described / described) as a white male, medium height, slim, with a big, hooked nose.

6. In a minute he (disarmed / was disarmed) and put into Mr. Wisdom’s car.

7. Visa (will obtain / will be obtained) tomorrow.

16. Choose the correct form of the verb in brackets to complete the following sentences.

1. The term “international criminal law” is merely a useful way of describing those aspects of international law that _____(1)____ (to concern) with crimes having an international aspect.

2. More difficult questions of jurisdiction _____(2)_____ (to arise) when the issue can be prosecuted for breach of public international law in the municipal courts of the state in which an arrest is made.

3. The Holodomor _____(3)_____ (to recognize) as a crime against humanity by the European Parliament.

4. War crimes are significant in international humanitarian law because it is an area where international tribunals ______(4)_____ (to convene).

5. There have been various treaties (to seek) to combat slavery, and it is now accepted that slavery _____(5)_____ (to prohibit) by customary international law.

6. Genocide is sometimes grouped together with crimes against humanity and ______(6)_____ (can commit) in peacetime as well as during an armed conflict.

7. Transnational crimes refer to crime that _____(7)_____ (to take place) across national borders.

8. Crimes against humanity _____(8)____ (may see) as collective violations of basic human rights, rather than those of an individual.

17. Translate the following sentences from Ukrainian into English.

1. Регулювання значної кількості злочинів проти міжнародного права передбачені договором та конвенцією.

2. Голодомор визнається Європейським Парламентом злочином проти людства.

3. Геноцид застосовувався упродовж сторіч.

4. Інколи геноцид порівнюють зі злочинами проти людства, які можуть здійснюватися у мирний час так само як і під час збройних конфліктів.

5. Термін “транснаціональні злочини” звичайно використовуються у системі правозастосовних органів (міліція).

Section d Listening

Pre-listening task

18. You are going to hear the text “Human Trafficking and Migration”.

What do you think:

- What is trafficking?

- Can we say that human trafficking is a crime?

- Are there any differences between human trafficking and people smuggling?

Task 1. Read through the new words and try to memorize them.

1. destination country

країна призначення

2. to coerce

примушувати

3. coercion

насильство, примус

4. to trick

обдурювати

5. to lure

спокушати

6. deception

обман

7. fraud

шахрайство

8. intimidation

залякування

9. debt bondage

боргове рабство

10. sexual abuse

зґвалтування

11. poverty

бідність

12. hazardous travel

ризикована подорож

13. mercy

милосердя, милість

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