21. Features translation of English verbs

A. According to the rules of English grammar, if the predicate verb in the main clause of a complex sentence is used in the past tense, the choice of the verb in the subordinate clause is not a free extra, but is determined by the formal rules of tenses, ie, the verb in the subordinate clause must be in the form of elapsed time.

For example:

No says he is interested in sports.

He said he was interested in sports.

Since the use of past tenses in English in this case is related, when translated into Russian language, according to the rules of Russian syntax, this form should be replaced with a form of the present simultaneity of action and the past tense in the preceding actions of the subordinate clause chief.

For example:

No says he is interested in sports. - He says he is interested in sports.

Not said he was interested in sports. -He said he is interested in sports.

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24. Translating the article

One of the grammar challenges in translating from English, and especiallyinto English, is the article, since this category no longer exists in the Russianlanguage.Article translation depends on the function the article has in the sentence

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27, Translation of the text. Text as Translation Unit. Adequate Translating of the Text.

What is the translation of texts? As defined dictionaries, translation of texts - an activity by interpreting the meaning of a text in one language and the creation of a new, equivalent text in another language. Initially the translation carried out exclusively by man, but there are attempts to automate and computerize the translation of texts in different languages. However, as with the existing automated translation, computers are being used more as tools. Yet to translate good quality can generally only persons. For the translations at the professional level, there are translation company or translation agency. Translation Bureau - a specialized organization, which employs translators, ie Persons into whose professional responsibilities include the translation itself.

What is technical translation? Usually, the definition of technical translation understand languages ​​other specialized texts, such as scientific papers, technical documentation, manuals, specifications, manuals, handbooks and other specialized literature. The main requirement for technical translation - is the accuracy of translation, accessibility for the reader style, and at the same time matching the style requirements and standards adopted for this type of technical literature. Therefore, for the quality of the technical translation the translator must not only have excellent knowledge of a foreign language, but must be an expert in the subject area.

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30. Oral translating. Two-sided Translating,

Two-way translation dramatized by the teacher and two students. Two-way translation dramatizes the whole group, and in turn act as an interpreter students. Two-way translation has its own specific characteristics and constraints, including, above all, the need to remember or write down a speech in one language and then quickly switch to another language. The question arises whether the interpreter to take notes during a two-way translation. Interpreting two-way translation, or, in other words, the translation of the conversation has some specific features. Field of application two-way translation is very extensive. In all cases, two-way translation should wear as natural. Only in this case, it has attracted considerable interest from students, bringing them closer to the situation with which the translator will meet in their practical work. These interlocutors should be translated into 1 - m face, except when engaged in a conversation a few individuals.