
- •1. People and computers.
- •3. Types of computer systems.
- •5. Input devices: a mouse (a mechanical mouse, an optomechanical mouse, an optical mouse, a cordless (wireless) mouse; main functions); touch panels; light pens; joysticks; microphones.
- •7. What is computer data processing? Five basic operations characteristic of all data processing systems.
- •8. What is cpu? Three main parts of the unit (a control unit, alu, registers), their components, main functions, sequence of main operations.
- •9. Bits - basic units of memory: binary notation, binary digit, byte, kilobyte, megabyte, gigabyte). What is a standard system for the binary representation of characters?
- •11. Bits for pictures. Performance characteristics of monitors.
- •12. Main functions of printers. Give description to mfp, mfd, aio, virtual, dot-matrix, ink-jet, laser, thermal transfer, thermal printers and plotters.
- •13. Computer data storage. What do terms memory, storage, primary storage, secondary storage refer to?
- •14. The most commonly used storage technologies: semiconductor, magnetic and optical. Their performance characteristics.
- •15. Optical storage, forms of optical storage. Magneto-optical disc storage. Online data storage.
- •16. What is an operating system, how does it act, what are common contemporary operating systems? What is system software, application software, utility software?
- •17. Typical functions of the os. What is multiprogramming, multi-user environment, batch processing, dos os?
- •18. The Graphical User Interface. Its main functions and tools.
- •19. What is computer software and computer hardware? Main software characteristics. System software. Firmware. Middleware. Programming software. Application software. Software testing. Testware.
- •20. Software applications: word processors, spreadsheets, media players and database applications. Main characteristics, functions and tools.
- •22. Programming. Steps in writing a program. Bugs.
- •23. Machine code. Language processors: assemblers, compilers, and interpreters. Low-level languages. High-level languages. Markup languages.
- •24. What is the Internet? How does it work? Its main functions and tools. What is www? What do terms email, mailing list, online chat refer to? Internet telephony. A videoconference.
- •25. Web pages: static webpages, dynamic webpages and tools to browse. Websites. Parts of url. Filenames in different oSs.
- •26. Electronic mail: main parts and functions. Spam. Newsgroups.
- •27. Multimedia. Hypermedia. Rich media. Hypertext. Multimedia linear and non-linear categories.
- •28. File formats. Multimedia applications. Multimedia techniques.
- •29. Networks and their main purposes. Pan. Lan. A Home area network. A campus network. Man. Wan. Gan. Vpn. Internetwork. Overlay networks.
- •30. Topology of networks: star, extended star, bus, ring, mesh networking, tree.
30. Topology of networks: star, extended star, bus, ring, mesh networking, tree.
Topology of networks refers to the shape of a network. There are some basic physical topologies.
Star: there is a central device to which all the workstations are directly connected. This central position can be occupied by a server, or a hub. All traffic that transverses the network passes through the central hub. The hub acts as a signal booster or repeater. The star topology is considered the easiest topology to design and implement. An advantage of the star topology is the simplicity of adding additional nodes. The primary disadvantage of the star topology is that the hub represents a single point of failure.
Extended star: a type of network topology in which a network that is based upon the physical star topology has one or more repeaters between the central node (the 'hub' of the star) and the peripheral or 'spoke' nodes, the repeaters being used to extend the maximum transmission distance of the point-to-point links between the central node and the peripheral nodes beyond that which is supported by the transmitter power of the central node or beyond that which is supported by the standard upon which the physical layer of the physical star network is based.
Bus: every workstation is connected to a main cable called a bus. Each computer or server is connected to the single bus cable through some kind of connector. A signal from the source travels in both directions to all machines connected on the bus cable until it finds the IP address on the network that is the intended recipient. If the machine address does not match the intended address for the data, the machine ignores the data. Alternatively, if the data does match the machine address, the data is accepted. Since the bus topology consists of only one wire, it is rather inexpensive to implement when compared to other topologies.
Ring: the workstations are connected to one another in a closed loop configuration. Each machine or computer has a unique address that is used for identification purposes. The signal passes through each machine or computer. The primary disadvantage of ring topology is the failure of one machine will cause the entire network to fail.
Mesh networking is a type of networking wherein each node in the network may act as an independent router, regardless of whether it is connected to another network or not. It allows for continuous connections and reconfiguration around broken or blocked paths by “hopping” from node to node until the destination is reached. A mesh network whose nodes are all connected to each other is a fully connected network. Mesh networks differ from other networks in that the component parts can all connect to each other via multiple hops, and they generally are not mobile.
Hierarchical network (also known as tree network): the type of network topology in which a central 'root' node (the top level of the hierarchy) is connected to one or more other nodes that are one level lower in the hierarchy (i.e., the second level) with a point-to-point link between each of the second level nodes and the top level central 'root' node, while each of the second level nodes that are connected to the top level central 'root' node will also have one or more other nodes that are one level lower in the hierarchy (i.e., the third level) connected to it, also with a point-to-point link, the top level central 'root' node being the only node that has no other node above it in the hierarchy (The hierarchy of the tree is symmetrical.) Each node in the network having a specific fixed number, of nodes connected to it at the next lower level in the hierarchy, the number, being referred to as the 'branching factor' of the hierarchical tree.