1. Подготовиться к лексико-грамматическому тесту по текстам:

Test 1.Functional classification of highways. Test 2. Freeway.

2. Повторить грамматический материал к лексико-грамматическому тесту:

1. Видо-временные формы глагола:

а) активный залог - формы Indefinite (Present, Past, Future); формы Continuous (Present, Past, Future);

формы Perfect (Present, Past, Future);

б) пассивный залог - формы Indefinite (Present, Past, Future). Особенности перевода пассивных

конструкций на русский язык.

2. Модальные глаголы:

а) выражающие возможность;

can (could), may и эквивалент глагола сап - to be able to;

б) выражающие долженствование:

must, его эквиваленты to have to и to be to; should.

3. Простые неличные формы глагола:

Participle I (Present Participle), Participle II (Past Participle) в функциях определения и обстоятельства

Test l.Functional classification of highways.

The importance of motor roads for the national economy is closely related to the intensity of traffic on them, i.e., the higher the traffic intensity, the better should be the standard of design. Where traffic intensity is high the expenditure necessary for the construction of the road to follow the most direct route and with shallow gradients will soon be compensated by the economy in traffic operation. On the other hand, if in spite of a high traffic intensity the road is built with steep gradients and a narrow carriageway , though its capital cost may be much lower it will not permit the most effective performance of vehicles to be realized , in particular the maintenance of high vehicle speeds. In the long run, the cost of motor transport operation would become excessive.

The question of choice of the type of road, however, does not depend exclusively on the cost of construction. A number of other factors must be taken into consideration, particularly the pail to be played by the specific highway in the transport system of the national economy.

There is a number of roads which are built according to high technical standards in spite of their comparatively low traffic intensity.

When designing roads to be constructed in new, sparsely populated regions, the expected traffic intensity cannot be the only criterion. In spite of the expected low traffic intensity for a number of years to come, such roads will constitute the main artery for populating these regions, Therefore, such roads can be built with a view to district, development, according to technical standards corresponding to a traffic intensity exceeding the present rate.

The motor roads are divided into five technical classes. The class is determined according to the importance of the road for the national economy. At the same time potential traffic intensities are considered, as well as the construction difficulties arising from the topographic features of the country in which the road is to be located.

The elements of the plan, profile and cross-section are designed with a view to the traffic intensities to be expected in 20 years, and the road pavement - in 5 to 10 years, depending on its construction and the possibility to strengthen it gradually.

Class I comprises roads having special economic, administrative or cultural importance for the national economy and having a high initial or potential traffic intensity; class II comprises similar roads with an appreciable potential traffic intensity; class III covers motor roads with a moderate traffic intensify but having a very .great importance for the national economy of the republics class IV includes roads having .local economic, administrative or cultural importance and a low traffic intensity; and class V covers motor roads with small initial and potential traffic intensity.

All road elements of each technical class are designed to ensure the safe running of vehicles under normal conditions of cohesion between vehicle wheels and the carriageway surface.

У/

а) прямое дополнение б) предложное дополнение	после глаголов to like нравиться, to need нуждаться to prefer предпочитать, со remember помнить, to enjoy получать удовольствие, to mind возражать, to excuse извинять, to be (busy), to be worth стоить после глаголов с предлогами to depend on зависеть от, to rely on полагаться на, to object to возражать против, to blame ... for винить за, to thank for благодарить за, to be responsible for отвечать за, to be fond of любить, го be tired of устать от, to be afraid of бояться, to look forward to с нетерпением ожидать, to feel like быть склонным и т.д.	Your suggestion needs discussing. I prefer reading classical novels. She is busy preparing for the exam. I don't mind going there. He is fond of collecting stamps. I am afraid of making a mistake. I am tired of arguing with you.	Ваше предложение нужно обсудить. Я предпочитаю читать классические романы. Она занята: она готовится к экзамену. Я не возражаю (не против) пойти туда. Он любит собирать марки. Я боюсь, как бы не сделать ошибку. Я устал спорить с вами.
Определение	после абстрактных существительных с предлогами: way (of) способ, opportunity (of) возможность, hope of надежда, experience (in) опыт, reason (for) причина, основание, interest(in) интерес, importance of значение и т. д	You have no reason for saying that. I understand the importance of learning English.	У нас нет оснований говорить это. Я понимаю важность изучения английского языка.
Обстоятельство а) обстоятельство времени б) обстоятельство образа действия	употребляется всегда с предлогом с предлогами: after, before, on с предлогами: by, without, instead of, besides	After returning home he resumed his work. She left the room without looking at me.	После того как он вернулся домой (после возвращения), он возобновил работу. Она ушла из комнаты, не взглянув на меня.
После глаголов to like, to begin, to start, to continue, to stop, to intend и словосочетаний it is no good, it is (of) no use, it is useless употребляется как герундий, так и инфинитив.

Как видно из таблицы, герундий может переводиться на русский язык существительным, глаголом в личной форме или неопределенной формой глагола, деепричастием.