- •1. History of Kazakhstan as a science. The purpose and objectives of the study.
- •3) Kazakhstan in the Bronze Age. “Andronovo culture."
- •4. Religion
- •6. Saks: political history, economy and culture.
- •7) Ethno political history of Usuns in written sources.
- •In Turkic languages, the word "ak" means "white", "sacred"
- •In historical science hasn’t consensus on the term "Ak Orda", because in the medieval sources contained conflicting data about Ak Orda and Kok Orda.
- •9) Usuns: archaeological sites, settlements and facilities
- •10 . Mogolistan. : origins, ethnopolitical history.
- •11. Kangüy: archaeological sites, settlements and facilities.
- •13) State of nomadic Uzbeks. : origins, ethnopolitical history
- •14. The political history of the Huns
- •16. The Turk khaganate: ethnopolitical history, sources and culture
- •17) Western Turkic Khaganate: sources and history of the study
- •18) Turgesh khaganate: sources and history of the study
- •19) The formation of the Kazakh Khanate: sources and history of the study
- •20 . Karluk: ethnopolitical history, economy, and culture.
- •21. The Karakhanid state: sources and history of the study, economy, and culture
- •23)State of Oguz: ethnopolitical history, economy, and culture.
- •24. The history of the Kazakh Khanate in the XV-XVIII centuries
- •26. Kazakhstan in first third of хviii century. Tevkelev – 1-st ambassador of the Russian empire
- •27) Political parties and movements in Kazakhstan in the early twentieth century.
- •28) The Policy of Russian authorities in Kazakhstan of 30-50th years of XVIII c.
- •30 . Tsarism’s policy in Kazakhstan in the 1 st half of 19 century.
- •31. Formation of Inner Horde. Bukey-khan
- •33) Anti colonial struggle in Inner Horde under the leadership of I. Taimanov and m. Utemisov.
- •34. The national liberation movement of Kazakhs under the leadership of Sultan Kenesary.
- •36. Military Campaign of the Russian army to Central Asia in the first half of х1х century
- •37) Policy of Khiva and Kokand toward the Kazakhs in the first half of х1х century
- •39) Historiography of history of joining of Kazakhstan to Russia. Comparative analysis of this problem.
- •40.Administrative reform in Kazakhstan in the 60-s of h1h of century.
- •43) Contribution of Chokan Valikhanov in the study of the history of the Kazakh people.
- •44. Altynsarin's contribution to the development of Kazakh literary language and ethnography.
- •46. Kazakh-Jungar relations in the 40s of XVII century: Features and forms.
- •47) Oral tradition and literature in the хiх century
- •48) Educational policy of Kazakhstan in first half of х1х century.
- •49. State Duma and the Kazakh intelligentsia
- •50. Contribution to the study of Kazakhstan of Russian scientists
- •53) The newspaper "Kazakh" and the Journal "Aikap in the history and culture of the Kazakh people.
- •54. First World War. Rebellion of 1916.: The historiography of the issue.
- •55)Anti-colonial rebel of kazakhs in turgay and ural regions in 1869.Rebellion of adai in mangyshlak in 1870.
- •56. FirstI all-Kazakh Congress in Orenburg (5-13 December 1917) and its decision on the Kazakh autonomy.
- •86. December Kazakh Congress in 1917. Government of Alash Horde.
- •57) Civil war on the territory of Kazakhstan (1918-1920)
- •59) The collectivization of agriculture - the tragedy of the peasants in Kazakhstan
- •60. Industrialization: the nature, pace, results
- •62) Soviet cultural modernization in Kazakhstan (20-30-s)
- •63) Kazakhstan - an arsenal front during the Great Patriotic War
- •66. The “Secret Speech” of Nikita Khrushchev and desalinization
- •67) Kazakhstan during the growing crisis of the Soviet economic and socio-political system (1964 - 1985)
- •70. Socio-political development of independent Kazakhstan
- •1921 – 1929 – Years of carrying out New Economic Policy.
- •73) The mass repression of 1937-1938 and its consequences.
- •75) People deportation to Kazakhstan- the crime of totalitarianism
- •76. Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945: Origins, results, lessons
- •77) The development of science during war. Creation of a "History of the Kazakh ssr" (1943) and its value.
- •80. The first secretary of the Communist Party of Kazakhstan Dinmuhammed Kunayev (1964-1986).
- •81. December events of 1 986 years in Alma-Aty: the crisis of ethnocentric policies of the Soviet state.
- •83) Kazakhstan during the reform era of Mikhail Gorbachev
- •84. Results of the 20th anniversary of the country's independent development
- •85) First Kazakh President- n.A. Nazarbayev (political portrait.)
- •87) Kazakhstan in the years of Khrushchev's reforms. Virgin and fallow lands: implications and lessons.
- •90. The collapse of the ussr and the formation of the cis
In Turkic languages, the word "ak" means "white", "sacred"
In historical science hasn’t consensus on the term "Ak Orda", because in the medieval sources contained conflicting data about Ak Orda and Kok Orda.
Russian chronicles explained Ak-Orda as western part of Golden Horde, which ruled by Batu and his descendants - Juchids right wing (M. G. Safargaliyev, G. A. Fëdorov-Davydov, T. I. Sultanov.)
Some historians (Grekov, Yakubovskiy ) believe that the Ak Orda was located in the eastern part of the Jochi Ulus, and Kok Orda in Western
The Ak-Horde of the beginning of the XIV-XV th centuries located of the Kazakh steppes from the Ural River to the West Siberian Lowland, including the lower and middle reaches of the Syr Darya.
The first khan of Ak- Orda was Sasy- Buka. Complete independence from the Golden Horde was in the mid of 14th century by khans Erzene (Erdene) and his son Mubarak.
9) Usuns: archaeological sites, settlements and facilities
In the III. BC. e. Saks lose their military and political domination of tribal Seven Rivers, and the people that were part of this alliance, from now known under the name of Chinese sources Usuns.
The appearance of the sources in the III. BC ethnonim Usuns a part of the military-economic enhancement of the tribes, which led to the formation of the Usun tribal alliance in the territory, which was previously occupied by Saks. In the Chinese annals states that "originally And this country (Usun. - GK) belonged to the people of Se (Chinese ethnonym Saka Persian, Greek, Scythians. - GK), in this we are among the industry usunus tribe Saka"
The Chinese sources says that "Ningpo lies almost in 2000 whether to Davan (about 1000 km from Fergana. - GK) in the north-east. This nomadic possession, whose residents are moving the cattle from place to place. "Next, we learn that "population consists of 120,000 wagons (semey. - GK), 630,000 souls; combatant troops 183,000 people. Earth flat and grassy, the country is too cold and rainy. On the mountains a lot of pine trees.
The farm Usuns early defined as pastoral dominated by sheep farming, and at a later stage - as a complex ranching, agricultural industries, while maintaining the dominant role of livestock.
Usuns economy was semi-nomadic, "vertical" type (seasonal movement with the desert plains grassland in the foothills and mountains, and vice versa).
Usuns fed meat and dairy foods from the harvested grain baked bread.
Clothing notable was made of silk and fine woolen fabrics, ordinary people dressed in clothes made of coarse wool fabric, leather, sheepskin.
Usuns development of copper, lead, tin, and gold. They knew how to smelt iron from which were made knives, swords and daggers, arrowheads.
1 Karatal period (III-I centuries. BC. E.) Karatal, Kargaly, Kapchagai, Ungirkora, Kyzyl-Espe, Besshatyr, Utegen, Kalkan, Akshoky, Betagash, Sarytogay, Kenesay, Burak, Shelpek.
A striking monument of jeweler's art was Usuns - Kargalin diadem found in Kargalinsk gorge near Almaty, at an altitude of 2300 m consists of a gold diadem record length of 35 cm and a width of 4.7 cm, which is decorated with images of animals, birds and humans in a complex surrounded by floral ornament. Diadem decorated with inlays of turquoise, carnelian and almandine. Dating - I c. BC. e. - II in. n. e. The main topic was the image of tiaras model of the universe: the animals symbolize life on earth, the birds - the sky, winged horses - the sun. The ideas are similar to the ideas of tiaras Indo-Iranian peoples in ancient times. The burial found 400 different decorations.
2 Semirechinsky period (I-III centuries. District. E.) Talgar Bastau, Aktas, Sarytau, Uzynbulak, Kyzylkaynar, Kurta, Karasha, Shoshkaly
3 Ely period (IV-V centuries. District. E.) Aktas, Ungir-core Sholak-Gide
In the middle of the XIX century. monuments of ancient Usuns attracted the attention of Russian scientists. One of the first was V. Radloff, who investigated the mounds near the village Turgen'. Later he studied mounds near Semipalatinsk and Pavlodar. He summarized the results of the excavations in the fundamental work "Siberian antiquity."
Following the work of VV Radloff appears NM Yadrintseva "Description of the Siberian burial mounds and antiquities," in which the author draws an analogy between the mounds Semirechensky I millennium BC Salted and burials in the steppe. Despite the comparison, the mention of these sites contributed to their learning.Analysis of materials from burial grounds in the Burana Tower, pos. Chilpek Karakol and gave an opportunity for researchers, although in general, to determine the types of burial structures and date them.