62) Soviet cultural modernization in Kazakhstan (20-30-s)

Education system development. One of unconditional achievements of the Soviet mode - development of system of national education and implementation of continuous literacy. In 1918 coeducation of boys and girls, an exception of teaching of theological disciplines, cancellation of all types of punishment, school self-government are accepted "The declaration on uniform labor school" and "The provision on uniform labor school" in which the basic principles of the Soviet educational system - free of charge were proclaimed. Illiteracy elimination among adult population was one of the most important components of an education system in the 20-30th years. In 20-х-the 30th a lot of work on methodical providing schools was carried out. The hard blow to an education system was struck by transition of the Kazakh language in 1929 from the Arab graphics on the Latin. In days of the Soviet power in Kazakhstan the system of higher educational institutions started developing. In 1926 at the Tashkent highest teacher training college the Kazakh faculty was educated. In 1928 the faculty was transferred to Alma-Ata and transformed to the Kazakh state university. Two years later it was renamed into the Kazakh teacher training college, and in 1935 received a name of Abay of Kunanbayev. In 1929 in Alma-Ata the zooveterinary institute, and in 1930 - agricultural was open. Science. In the years of civil war and post-war time begins gradual revival of science of Kazakhstan. This process became complicated absence of the developed structure of the research organizations, shortage of means and the prepared scientific shots. In the thirties the academic structure of science, in 1932 starts being adjusted. the Kazakhstan base of Academy of Sciences of the USSR transformed in 1938 to the Kazakh AN branch was formed.Literature. At the beginning of the XX century the Kazakh literature was already at rather high level. Works of classics of the Kazakh literature - A.Bai tourist's son, Sh. Kudayberdyula, the principles of humanity used M of Zhumabaya, Z.Aymauytula, universal values adhering in the works huge popularity. At the same time there is a group of young writers, representatives of so-called "proletarian" literature - S. Seyfullin, B. Maylin, I.Zhansugurov, S. Mukanov, there are M. Auezov, S. Mukanova, G. Musrepova, M. Hakeem-zhanovoy first works. Musical and theater. Musical and song art of Kazakhs as the most widespread and popular in the people, from the first days of the Soviet power became object of close attention from Bolshevik party. In 1919 in. True the meeting of akyns of Semirechensky area was carried out.In 1925 the known scientist-ethnographer and musician A.Zatayevich published the work "1000 songs of the Kazakh people" - a fruit of long-term work on collecting and systematization of pieces of music of Kazakhs. In 1931 it published "500 Kazakh songs and кюев". For promoting of a folk music and song art in the large cities concerts of the Kazakh performers began to be made. On January 13, 1934 on the basis of musical studio at the Kazakh drama theater the Kazakh state musical theater, by which first statements of Ayman-Sholpan steel of M. Auezov and B. Maylin's "Sludge ice" was open. E.Brusilovsky's operas "Kyz Zhibek", "Er Targyn" and "Zhalbyr" became important events. Actors of Musical theater of K.Bayseitov, K.Zhandarbekov become known singers, dancer Sh. Zhiyenkulova became famous. Years of the Soviet power became history of our country as the period of implementation of "cultural revolution" by which it was meant not only substantial increase, in comparison with the pre-revolutionary period, educational level of the people and extent of its familiarizing with achievements of culture, but also an undivided celebration of the Marxist-Leninist doctrine, transformation of literature and art in institute of impact on masses.One of the main lines of this period is comprehensive party and state control over spiritual life of society.