- •1. History of Kazakhstan as a science. The purpose and objectives of the study.
- •3) Kazakhstan in the Bronze Age. “Andronovo culture."
- •4. Religion
- •6. Saks: political history, economy and culture.
- •7) Ethno political history of Usuns in written sources.
- •In Turkic languages, the word "ak" means "white", "sacred"
- •In historical science hasn’t consensus on the term "Ak Orda", because in the medieval sources contained conflicting data about Ak Orda and Kok Orda.
- •9) Usuns: archaeological sites, settlements and facilities
- •10 . Mogolistan. : origins, ethnopolitical history.
- •11. Kangüy: archaeological sites, settlements and facilities.
- •13) State of nomadic Uzbeks. : origins, ethnopolitical history
- •14. The political history of the Huns
- •16. The Turk khaganate: ethnopolitical history, sources and culture
- •17) Western Turkic Khaganate: sources and history of the study
- •18) Turgesh khaganate: sources and history of the study
- •19) The formation of the Kazakh Khanate: sources and history of the study
- •20 . Karluk: ethnopolitical history, economy, and culture.
- •21. The Karakhanid state: sources and history of the study, economy, and culture
- •23)State of Oguz: ethnopolitical history, economy, and culture.
- •24. The history of the Kazakh Khanate in the XV-XVIII centuries
- •26. Kazakhstan in first third of хviii century. Tevkelev – 1-st ambassador of the Russian empire
- •27) Political parties and movements in Kazakhstan in the early twentieth century.
- •28) The Policy of Russian authorities in Kazakhstan of 30-50th years of XVIII c.
- •30 . Tsarism’s policy in Kazakhstan in the 1 st half of 19 century.
- •31. Formation of Inner Horde. Bukey-khan
- •33) Anti colonial struggle in Inner Horde under the leadership of I. Taimanov and m. Utemisov.
- •34. The national liberation movement of Kazakhs under the leadership of Sultan Kenesary.
- •36. Military Campaign of the Russian army to Central Asia in the first half of х1х century
- •37) Policy of Khiva and Kokand toward the Kazakhs in the first half of х1х century
- •39) Historiography of history of joining of Kazakhstan to Russia. Comparative analysis of this problem.
- •40.Administrative reform in Kazakhstan in the 60-s of h1h of century.
- •43) Contribution of Chokan Valikhanov in the study of the history of the Kazakh people.
- •44. Altynsarin's contribution to the development of Kazakh literary language and ethnography.
- •46. Kazakh-Jungar relations in the 40s of XVII century: Features and forms.
- •47) Oral tradition and literature in the хiх century
- •48) Educational policy of Kazakhstan in first half of х1х century.
- •49. State Duma and the Kazakh intelligentsia
- •50. Contribution to the study of Kazakhstan of Russian scientists
- •53) The newspaper "Kazakh" and the Journal "Aikap in the history and culture of the Kazakh people.
- •54. First World War. Rebellion of 1916.: The historiography of the issue.
- •55)Anti-colonial rebel of kazakhs in turgay and ural regions in 1869.Rebellion of adai in mangyshlak in 1870.
- •56. FirstI all-Kazakh Congress in Orenburg (5-13 December 1917) and its decision on the Kazakh autonomy.
- •86. December Kazakh Congress in 1917. Government of Alash Horde.
- •57) Civil war on the territory of Kazakhstan (1918-1920)
- •59) The collectivization of agriculture - the tragedy of the peasants in Kazakhstan
- •60. Industrialization: the nature, pace, results
- •62) Soviet cultural modernization in Kazakhstan (20-30-s)
- •63) Kazakhstan - an arsenal front during the Great Patriotic War
- •66. The “Secret Speech” of Nikita Khrushchev and desalinization
- •67) Kazakhstan during the growing crisis of the Soviet economic and socio-political system (1964 - 1985)
- •70. Socio-political development of independent Kazakhstan
- •1921 – 1929 – Years of carrying out New Economic Policy.
- •73) The mass repression of 1937-1938 and its consequences.
- •75) People deportation to Kazakhstan- the crime of totalitarianism
- •76. Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945: Origins, results, lessons
- •77) The development of science during war. Creation of a "History of the Kazakh ssr" (1943) and its value.
- •80. The first secretary of the Communist Party of Kazakhstan Dinmuhammed Kunayev (1964-1986).
- •81. December events of 1 986 years in Alma-Aty: the crisis of ethnocentric policies of the Soviet state.
- •83) Kazakhstan during the reform era of Mikhail Gorbachev
- •84. Results of the 20th anniversary of the country's independent development
- •85) First Kazakh President- n.A. Nazarbayev (political portrait.)
- •87) Kazakhstan in the years of Khrushchev's reforms. Virgin and fallow lands: implications and lessons.
- •90. The collapse of the ussr and the formation of the cis
84. Results of the 20th anniversary of the country's independent development
Over a 20-year history of its existence as an independent state Kazakhstan has passed a difficult way to go to market reforms to the formation of a mixed economy, focused on innovative development of a deep economic downturn in economic growth and social stability. Today we can say that the economic policy of Kazakhstan is an example of taking into account international experience, knowledge, findings and recommendations for a successful outcome.The independence of the country and the first steps of economic reforms The first years of independence of Kazakhstan Nursultan Nazarbayev himself has repeatedly called "years of survival." As you know, in the early 90s in the country experienced the greatest economic downturn in modern history of development, accompanied by an unprecedented increase in the level of inflation, the destruction of the accumulated economic potential, mass unemployment and growing poverty. Suffice it to say that the gross domestic product (GDP) as a result of annual decline in 1998 was only 61.6% of the 1990 level, per capita GDP - 66.7%, the unemployment rate - 13.1%, and the proportion of people with incomes below subsistence level - 39%. Inflation peaked in 1992-1993 and was, respectively, 3,061% and 2,265%. Kazakhstan has not been finished scientifically based concept of transition to the market, which would correspond to the prevailing trends and take into account the characteristics and historical traditions of the country. As would later write in his book "The Kazakhstan Way" Nursultan, "there was a unique solution or a single algorithm for such a transition. Anyway, we had to find its own way ... It was necessary to understand the essence of the radical changes that anticipate the future development trends, to choose the most effective strategy for change that meets the interests of tens of millions of people. And to do so as soon as possible. " Meanwhile, the country was objectively imposed monetary model of accelerated "shock" of transition to a market economy. The results have led to a sharp rise in prices, payments and acute financial crisis at all levels, the highest inflation rate and the highest rate of decline in production. At the time, there was not enough staff, holding marketing techniques, know the laws and conditions of the functioning of the market, attracting foreign investment does not go beyond the scope of joint ventures. Was not ready to have the whole package of laws necessary for the formation and development of market relations, and many of the adopted laws has not worked. Developed and adopted in the 1992 strategy formation and development of Kazakhstan as a sovereign state has proclaimed the formation of a social market economy, based on a competitive basis, and the establishment of legal and other conditions for the implementation of the principle of economic self-determination rights. The government has announced that proceeds from a planned to a market economy, from totalitarianism - to liberal politics and seek prosperity for all by ensuring that everyone who wants to entrepreneurial freedom and the possibility of application of force in any of his chosen field of activity, at the same time promising to increase labor income, pensions and benefits the growth and stabilization of the economy. The President approved a program of privatization of state property. It was officially announced a reduction in the long term state ownership of up to 30-40%. In this case, the achievement of economic goals intended to carry through the use of indirect methods of economic regulation in the implementation of the relevant monetary, fiscal, monetary and social policies. Then, in 1992, few believed the statements of the President, that this strategy is only the beginning of a long road. Forecasts majority of both Western and Russian analysts expressed about Kazakhstan, have been extremely disappointing. It was believed that Kazakhstan is rapidly emerging as one of the poorest countries in the third world, that he would soon have to liquidate their entire industry, even though he can hold out a few more years, selling raw materials. Nevertheless, in the late 90s of the last century in Kazakhstan were held all market reform: privatization process was completed and developed the business sector of the economy, an effective system of public administration, formed the banking sector, the reforms in the fiscal system and the social sphere, reformed education, health , pensions, social security, the legislative basis for the operation of market-oriented economy. The international prestige of the state was strengthened. The result of socio-economic change was the fact that Kazakhstan was the first CIS country that received the status of a country with an open market economy. Further solving socio-economic problems depended on the correctness of the choice of strategic objectives and development priorities. And that choice was made when for the first time in the post-1997 development strategy has been developed until 2030, which became a major target for the development of economy and society of the country.