39) Historiography of history of joining of Kazakhstan to Russia. Comparative analysis of this problem.

The country is increasingly provided in the power of discord and strife. Sultan various factions vied for supremacy and the capture of the best pasture. Strife supported from the outside. As a result of unifying trends slowed down. At the turn of the XVII - XVIII centuries. in Kazakh society intensified integration trends, strengthened khan power, have become relatively regularly convened meeting of representatives of the three zhuzes to discuss and address the most pressing issues. At this time, the political influence of the Kazakh khans and sultans extended not only to the traditional nomadic areas, but also in the neighboring settled agricultural and trade and craft of the lower Syr Darya and srelnemu where Kazakhs were subject to 1659g. 32 cities and adjacent areas together with the Tashkent oasis. Residents of cities such as Tashkent, Sygnak, Sairam, Suzak, Akkurgan, Otyrar, Karnak, Icahn, Sauran and others were paid for the benefit of the Kazakh rulers to file an annual cash and goods, and to the rural agricultural population yasyachny charged with collecting cash of cows and sheep Bread and a fee of 1/5 or 1/10 harvest.In terms of military threat from the outside at the beginning of the XVIII century. Markedly stabilized socio-political situation and within the Kazakh zhuzes, thanks in no small measure contributed to the joint efforts of the local rodopraviteley, sultans and khans on legislative regulation and the introduction of a social practice some of the new rules of customary law in relation to those new needs of nomadic society, which arose as a result of rise of military activity of the Kazakh Khanate and the need to mobilize all available forces to deal with external expansion.

Analyzing the process of accession to the Russian Kazakh zhuzes, historians have often raise the question: "Was there an alternative path of development for Kazakhstan?" And whatever it is this context, for example, sets out the material on the research problem in the book "The country is in the heart of Eurasia ( stories about the history of Kazakhstan), "which was published by a team, where along with a wide opening of the colonial policy of the tsarist (loss of independence, the elimination of the key attributes of statehood and military colonization, the policy of Russification, etc.), highlighted some aspects of positive factors (education, culture, beginning of a comprehensive study of the edge, the emergence of new industries, the development of transport systems, etc.). Thus, the first group of researchers of national historiography holds a conceptual approach, which is based on the view that the initial appeal to the Russian Junior and parts of the Great Horde was voluntary, (another thing is that it was advantageous to the tsarist government), and the remaining territory of Kazakhstan connected with military force. The main reason for the adoption of citizenship, was the desire to ensure the safety of the Kazakh people. The next group of authors is shared by developing the concept of the conquest of Russia in Kazakhstan. So in "The History of Kazakhstan (from ancient times to the 20 - years of XX century)," A. Kuzembaev uly stops on the issue of accession. The author rightly notes that in the late 17th early 18th century, Russia has continued its policy of conquest, by which its south-eastern border close to the land of the Kazakhs. Follows a similar concept in his work and historian JC Artykbaev, noting that the South was conquered by the Russian. In the article "History of Kazakhstan have a history of a country that colonized", academician MK Kozybaev gives his opinion on the issue of accession of Kazakhstan to Russia. Definitely, denying voluntary, cites research scientist A.Levshina, who wrote that the common people do not want to part with independence. MK Kozybaev criticized the term "accession", considering it adequately reflects the essence of the historical process and characterizing the role of Kazakhstan in the subject, who joined to the main subject. Thus, the author believes that Kazakhstan was a part of Russia by conquest. This is also the view of the historian JC Abdirov, with an emphasis on military Cossack colonization: the concept of "military Cossack colonization" of closely related and genetically derived from this concept as an expression of aggressive, highly aggressive nature of Russian absolutism. " MJ Abdirov notes that, after treatment of the Little Horde Khan Abulhair to the tsarist government for the acceptance of the Kazakhs in the Russian citizenship, "the tsarist authorities took advantage of this and stepped up foreign policy toward Kazakhstan. Was developed an extensive plan of penetration and retention of Russian influence in the region. " Also, on certain issues, "connection" of Kazakhstan to Russia spoke Kazakh educators Chokan Valikhanov Abay Kunanbayev, Ibrahim Altynsarin and their supporters.