- •1. History of Kazakhstan as a science. The purpose and objectives of the study.
- •3) Kazakhstan in the Bronze Age. “Andronovo culture."
- •4. Religion
- •6. Saks: political history, economy and culture.
- •7) Ethno political history of Usuns in written sources.
- •In Turkic languages, the word "ak" means "white", "sacred"
- •In historical science hasn’t consensus on the term "Ak Orda", because in the medieval sources contained conflicting data about Ak Orda and Kok Orda.
- •9) Usuns: archaeological sites, settlements and facilities
- •10 . Mogolistan. : origins, ethnopolitical history.
- •11. Kangüy: archaeological sites, settlements and facilities.
- •13) State of nomadic Uzbeks. : origins, ethnopolitical history
- •14. The political history of the Huns
- •16. The Turk khaganate: ethnopolitical history, sources and culture
- •17) Western Turkic Khaganate: sources and history of the study
- •18) Turgesh khaganate: sources and history of the study
- •19) The formation of the Kazakh Khanate: sources and history of the study
- •20 . Karluk: ethnopolitical history, economy, and culture.
- •21. The Karakhanid state: sources and history of the study, economy, and culture
- •23)State of Oguz: ethnopolitical history, economy, and culture.
- •24. The history of the Kazakh Khanate in the XV-XVIII centuries
- •26. Kazakhstan in first third of хviii century. Tevkelev – 1-st ambassador of the Russian empire
- •27) Political parties and movements in Kazakhstan in the early twentieth century.
- •28) The Policy of Russian authorities in Kazakhstan of 30-50th years of XVIII c.
- •30 . Tsarism’s policy in Kazakhstan in the 1 st half of 19 century.
- •31. Formation of Inner Horde. Bukey-khan
- •33) Anti colonial struggle in Inner Horde under the leadership of I. Taimanov and m. Utemisov.
- •34. The national liberation movement of Kazakhs under the leadership of Sultan Kenesary.
- •36. Military Campaign of the Russian army to Central Asia in the first half of х1х century
- •37) Policy of Khiva and Kokand toward the Kazakhs in the first half of х1х century
- •39) Historiography of history of joining of Kazakhstan to Russia. Comparative analysis of this problem.
- •40.Administrative reform in Kazakhstan in the 60-s of h1h of century.
- •43) Contribution of Chokan Valikhanov in the study of the history of the Kazakh people.
- •44. Altynsarin's contribution to the development of Kazakh literary language and ethnography.
- •46. Kazakh-Jungar relations in the 40s of XVII century: Features and forms.
- •47) Oral tradition and literature in the хiх century
- •48) Educational policy of Kazakhstan in first half of х1х century.
- •49. State Duma and the Kazakh intelligentsia
- •50. Contribution to the study of Kazakhstan of Russian scientists
- •53) The newspaper "Kazakh" and the Journal "Aikap in the history and culture of the Kazakh people.
- •54. First World War. Rebellion of 1916.: The historiography of the issue.
- •55)Anti-colonial rebel of kazakhs in turgay and ural regions in 1869.Rebellion of adai in mangyshlak in 1870.
- •56. FirstI all-Kazakh Congress in Orenburg (5-13 December 1917) and its decision on the Kazakh autonomy.
- •86. December Kazakh Congress in 1917. Government of Alash Horde.
- •57) Civil war on the territory of Kazakhstan (1918-1920)
- •59) The collectivization of agriculture - the tragedy of the peasants in Kazakhstan
- •60. Industrialization: the nature, pace, results
- •62) Soviet cultural modernization in Kazakhstan (20-30-s)
- •63) Kazakhstan - an arsenal front during the Great Patriotic War
- •66. The “Secret Speech” of Nikita Khrushchev and desalinization
- •67) Kazakhstan during the growing crisis of the Soviet economic and socio-political system (1964 - 1985)
- •70. Socio-political development of independent Kazakhstan
- •1921 – 1929 – Years of carrying out New Economic Policy.
- •73) The mass repression of 1937-1938 and its consequences.
- •75) People deportation to Kazakhstan- the crime of totalitarianism
- •76. Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945: Origins, results, lessons
- •77) The development of science during war. Creation of a "History of the Kazakh ssr" (1943) and its value.
- •80. The first secretary of the Communist Party of Kazakhstan Dinmuhammed Kunayev (1964-1986).
- •81. December events of 1 986 years in Alma-Aty: the crisis of ethnocentric policies of the Soviet state.
- •83) Kazakhstan during the reform era of Mikhail Gorbachev
- •84. Results of the 20th anniversary of the country's independent development
- •85) First Kazakh President- n.A. Nazarbayev (political portrait.)
- •87) Kazakhstan in the years of Khrushchev's reforms. Virgin and fallow lands: implications and lessons.
- •90. The collapse of the ussr and the formation of the cis
28) The Policy of Russian authorities in Kazakhstan of 30-50th years of XVIII c.
Accession of Kazakhstan to Russia was preceded by the considerable political connections between them. The Russian government showed interest in expansion of the borders in the east. In process of centralization and government strengthening possibilities of a trade exchange and other forms of relationship with the people adjoining to east states considerably increased. The accession of Kazakhstan which has begun in the thirties XVII! blepharons came to the end only at the end of the XIX century and was the complex, inconsistent process. Accession Kazakh жузов happened in various foreign policy conditions the Considerable proportion Younger, some regions of the Average жузов accepted the Russian citizenship voluntary. The majority of the Average and part of regions of Youzhny Kazakhstana were attached by means of the military power of the tsarism, seeking to accelerate edge accession, without reckoning with interests of overwhelming part of the population of Kazakhstan, setting in head the strategic, far-reaching objectives of the empire in Central Asia Youzhny Kazakhstana's Accession, then Central Asia to Russia allowed tsarism to win in rivalry with the British Empire. In the course of accession of Kazakhstan to Russia three stages are traced: the first - since the 90th years of XV in, until the end of the XVI century when at the heart of policy of the Russian tsars in relation to east neighbors, in particular, to the Kazakh Khanates, there was an aspiration to establish military-political connection. The second - since the beginning of the XVII century to the 30th of the XVIII century when the tendency of a colonial policy, consolidations of the aggressive positions by construction of the strengthened lines, fortresses, outposts, resettlements of the Russian Cossacks, capture of fertile lands of Kazakhs was defined. The third - from the 30th of the XVIII century to the 60th, XIX century when process of colonization of the Kazakh lands and the complete accession of the territory of Kazakhstan to Russia came to the end. The people's liberation. driving of Kazakhs 1820 - the 40th ended with defeat of Kazakhs, and all territory of Kazakhstan appeared under the power of Russia. About forty years in all corners of the Kazakh steppes resistance to colonialists, accepting forms of guerrilla fight, open operations proceeded. It is possible to allocate some reasons of defeat of Kazakhs: the technical superiority of the Russian army behind which there was the Russian Empire with huge human and economic resources; treachery of the considerable proportion of sultans and биев; the policy of the southern neighbors of Kazakhstan - Khiva, Kokand and Kyrgyz манапов, helping Russia in the 30-40th to fight against Kenesara's army. ; incoordination of actions of Kazakhs. Only in 1837-1847 Kazakhs could stand together. After Kenesara's death the Russian armies occupied емиречье, and then and the southern cities (Chimkent, Tashkent Turkestan, etc.). Administrative and political reforms the tsarism liquidated a traditional control system, opened ample opportunities for a population of the Kazakh edge by the Russian immigrants, forcing out nomads on lands of little use. Having received the uncontrolled power over the most part of the population, Россия расширила колонизаторскую политику почти во всех сферах. Russia expanded colonizer policy almost in all spheres. At the same time, with accession of Kazakhstan to Russia conditions for economic interchange and interaction between nomads and the alien population were created, the soil for distribution of literacy, resuscitation of trade, inclusion of the Kazakh aul to an orbit of capitalist relations of production with all that it implies was put
29) Kazakhstan in second half of ХVIII c. Igel’strom’s reforms In the second half of the XVIII century, there have been developments in the political life of the Middle Horde. In 1771, after the death of Abulmambeta, Abylai was proclaimed three zhuzes Khan (1771-1781). Only a small part of the birth of the Little Horde recognize the power of the sons of Abulhair.
Dzhungars, concluding in 1739 with the world of the Qing empire, threw all their forces to the west, and in 1741 began a new campaign against the last of the Kazakhs. The clashes Kazakh troops led by Sultan Abylai were broken, and the Abylai captured. In 1742, he gave his son a Abulfeiza Amanat Galdan Cyrenius. Because of this was released from captivity (embassies Major Miller).As acknowledged Valihanov "no Kyrgyz khan had such unlimited power as Abylai. '. Abylai was influential not only in the Middle, but also in the Senior and Junior zhuzah. In the years 1756-1758 90000th army Manchuria, the Chinese Empire defeated the Djungarian state, seizing his land, those who committed mass murder of civilians, the captivity of the survivors. At this time Abylai could diplomatically maneuver in its relations with Russia and China. In the years 1755-1756 Abylai first comes into contact with the Qing court. This was due to the fact that Chinese troops twice in 1756 and 1757 respectively have committed large-scale invasion. And Abylai had to lead the liberation struggle of the Kazakh people with the Qing invaders.
He concluded a truce with the Qing command and sends an embassy in Beijing (Hoon Lee).Chinese diplomacy was aimed to persuade Abylair to his side, to secure a promise of support in the event of war with Russia and achieve acceptance of citizenship emperors.Formally, while remaining faithful to his oath of eternal citizenship of the Russian throne, Abylai at the same time came in 1757 under patronat2) Chinese emperor.
Abylai adhered to the policy of "maneuvering" ("led the two-faced policy").Abylai Khan died in 1781 in Turkestan and was buried in the mausoleum of Khoja Ahmed Yassavi in Turkestan.He divided his ethno-territorial possessions as follows: "All the average Horde went to his son Wali Khan, and another - Adil Sultan - was in the possession of a great part of the Great Horde, and the other with them - on the inheritance."
The essence of the reform was to hand power to the People's Assembly and the abolition of the Khan's power.Author reform, Orenburg Governor-General Baron Igelstrom.The first attempt to eliminate Khan's power was made a baron OA Igelstromom in 1786 it was due to a complex of reasons, both objective and subjective.
In the second period the governorship Igelstromom were offered for the event, contributed to the weakening of the Khan's power, such as section Horde (horde) into several parts, the statement at the same time two or more of the khans, the weakening power of Khan introduction of a special board, approval of (equal purpose) Khan Sultanate without their authority among the population, which would be a "puppet" in the hands of the Russian authorities. The latter option was implemented in the period of 1797-1824 years. The real power in the Russian government approved the Khans Ayshuaka, Jean-torus and Shirgazi was not.In parallel with the approved law and traditional favorites Kazakh khans, such as Karatai and Aryngazy. Orenburg governor-general PK Essen was trying to get approval Khan along with Shirgazi Ayshuvakovym Aryngazy Abulgazieva. Shirgazi, realizing that the minimum power can disappear, have agreed to any terms of preserving the "sole" power. This suited the Russian government, and after longJunior Horde was divided into three parts according to the three tribal unions. The elders were approved on the recommendation of the Congress biys and warriors. The generic concept of community Kazakhs of the Little Horde was not bypassed - 42 tribal elders and 7 to the general manager of the sorts, but unlike the previous system of practice, these rulers were approved by the border authorities and received honoraria that brings them closer to the border authorities - so the local political authorities was given the overtly public nature.Approved by the elders were sworn in at the Border court.The real result of the reform was to gain petty factions, but Edge Court, and others were not sufficiently viable. Therefore, in 1789, a new project for the revival in zhuz Khan's power.