2. Match the following half-sentences.

1) Globalisation has various aspects	a) participate in the world culture.
2) Some people think that global companies	b) that economic crisis in one given country can’t ruin the whole European economy.
3) The creation of a global common market means	c) destroy local producers and local identities.
4) Globalisation helps all nations	d) international competition.
5) Economic development of China has sharpened	e) to get information quicker.
6) Some people think that globalisation	f) implies the creation of the world government.
7) Technologically, the increased availability of telephone and the Internet helps	g) which affect the world in several different ways.

READIND III

Benefits and costs of globalisation

Before you read переставить местами benefits и costs

Vocabulary task

1. Word building: complete the following table with appropriate derivatives.

Verb	Noun	Adjective
	integration
influence
combat
remove
	extinction
	interference
	availability

Key terms

1. Match up the words on the left with the definition on the right. Give the Russian equivalents.

1) global village 2) tolerance 3) interference 4) loafer 5) free trade 6) justice 7) liberty

a) the right or power to decide for oneself what to do and how to behave. b) breaking in upon other person's affair without any right or invitation c) a person who spend time idly d) exchange of goods and services unhindered by high tariffs e) all countries depending on each other and becoming closer together because of modern communications and transport. f) treatment of people that is fair and morally right. g) the ability to endure the existence of opinions that one dislikes or disagrees with.

Think ahead

1. What are the benefits of globalisation?

2. Are there any the dangers of globalisation? What are they?

Text 10.3 Scan the text and decide what advantages and disadvantages of globalisation are important for you.

Positive and Negative Results

The world is a single place and globalisation does nothing but encourages interaction between different people from all over the planet, bringing them closer than before.

There are many advantages of globalisation. First, goods can now move from one part of the world to another at great speed. Free trade, global media, free movement of ideas, flexibility, ease of communication, or environment concern they are now all possible due to globalisation. The global village, where all people work together towards a common goal, may become reality.

Globalisation has many effects on the countries and the people of the world. Movement of people, goods and ideas is done less expensive and at a faster rate than ever before. Now, access to different goods and items is possible due to the cheap transportation means. It does not matter that one person lives in Alaska and another in New Zealand, they can now talk to each other simply by logging on to the Internet. Climate changes are no longer discussed by several powerful people, the issues are in everybody’s hands. Criminals can be brought to justice in front of international courts, and laws can be integrated in systems that work for many people all over the world. It is easier to travel from one corner of the world to another, to exchange ideas, or to influence and be influenced by values that are different from yours. Understanding and tolerance are now highly valued, as we begin to be able to know each other, without any interferences. People living in the global village take part in the same cultural or sport events, such as the Olympics. Individuals can move from one country to another, without restrictions, and one can choose where they wish to live, with no fear of political consequences. Free trade is possible, more freedom is granted to the consumer and local goods can be transported to remote locations. All these are gains of globalisation and they cannot be ignored.

The developing world wins a lot to gain from globalisation. As civil liberties are recognised, trade and access to goods increase. From the profit made, more wealth and fortune are generated; lower prices, better goods are available, and the standard of life knows an increase that was never before possible. Developing nations are advantaged by such changes. It is believed that globalisation is a recipe for combating poverty and lack of products, and a source for the increase of living standards. But there are people who have another point of view. They claim that there are some disadvantages of globalisation that should not be overlooked.

First of all, it has been asserted that globalisation provides the increase in productivity and life standard of societies. Productivity indeed increased but, on the other hand, it can be seen that the population of the world is rising rapidly, even uncontrollably, and more people mean that there is a need for more products, too. As for the standards of life they are really a lot better as there are more machines and systems invented in developed countries supporting the whole world. However, there is another side of the facts. Globalisation causes the poor citizens to have more requirements. Secondly, cultural intermingling is enlarging with globalisation which lets the people from all over the world be able to communicate easier. On the other hand, sharing traditional behaviours cause them fade as boundaries are disappearing.

The most important disadvantage of globalisation is the increasing number of loafers. After the industrial revolution, industry developed in some particular countries. Because of that, these countries became powerful industrial states. But in the other countries unemployment rose because of a decrease in production. Another reason for an unemployment rise is that less manpower is needed.Many workers became suddenly unemployed and could no longer compete with machines which only require relatively limited work to produce more products than a single worker.

Another major damage of globalisation is that some cultures are getting lost. The cultures of the countries that have more economic power are more dominant than others. Wealthy countries produce many things that can affect cultures, for example, clothes, movies and technologic products. While the global community is increasing, more and more people have become ignorant about social, ethical and moral values which are various in definite groups. Therefore, globalisation damages small cultures which are at risk of being extinct.

The final significant effect of globalisation is difficulty of competition. With globalisation, trade between the countries has been started to remove limits. Therefore, business requires being in a more rigorous and challenging competitive atmosphere to maintain continuity and development. Rising of monopoly companies and difference in production costs are the main effects of this hard competition in business. As it was pointed at the Global Policy Forum, undeveloped countries choose to use foreign capital for their improvement, however, it worsens the equality and stability instead.

Concept check

1. Correct the statements if they are false.

1) Climate changes are the matter for discussion for some people at power.

2) The laws are different and it is difficult to take a criminal to court for trial.

3) Individuals can easily move from one country to another, while transportation of the local goods to distant parts of the world is difficult.

4) In spite of unemployment, the number of people who loaf is not so great.

5) Economic development of a country does not affect cultures in other countries.

6) Globalisation can’t help to combat poverty.

7) Globalisation does not respond to the needs of the majority of population.

8) Political and technological changes did not make the global village possible.

2. Which sentences are about advantages of globalization and which about disadvantages? Label each sentence A (advantage) or D (disadvantage). Can you think of other pros and cons?

1) People communicate more with each other across the globe.

2) Economies of many Asian and Latin American countries have developed.

3) The Internet and e-mail mean that people can share ideas and knowledge.

4) Trade between countries is much more widespread nowadays.

5) A few small companies can dominate the entire global industry.

6) The environment suffers from pollution caused by a great increase in air travel.

7) In some cases, small countries can depend too readily on a single transnational company.

8) Global companies can abuse their economic power.

3. Complete the table to describe the strength and weakness of globalisation

Advantages	Disadvantages
1)	1)
2)	2)
…	…

Key learning points Globalisation is a phenomenon with a long history. Globalisation is the closer integration of economies across the world. Globalisation has been widening and deepening. Globalisation has its costs and benefits.