3. Summarize the text by listing:

- the factors on which the presence of microorganisms in products depends;

- on the detection of what risks sanitary microbiology is based;

- viruses and prions as one of the pathogen groups;

- bacteria are a versatile group;

- protozoan pathogens;

- zoonotic waterborne helminth infections.

4. Re-read the text to find out which of its paragraph deals with:

- bacteria;

- fungi;

- the definition of sanitary microbiology;

- helminthes;

- protozoa ;

5. Re-read the text again to find out which of the following statements are true and which are false.

1. Sanitation Microbiology is a science concerned with the detection of risks associated with the production and consumption of food and water

2. Sanitation factors determine the survival growth as well as the inactivation of associated microorganisms.

3. A virus is a small infectious agent that can replicate only outside the living 

cells of an organism..

4. Prions are not included into any pathogen groups.

5. There are several well documented waterborne zoonotic bacterial pathogens.

6. Bacteria are not able to adapt to the varying conditions 7. Fungi are not normally considered as zoonotic waterborne pathogens.

8. Four species of microsporidia have been found in a wide range of animals

9. Microsporidia are more likely to be protozoa. 10. Zoonotic waterborne helminthes infections account for millions of human cases worldwide.

6. The answers to the following questions are the summary of the text. Answer these questions and give the summary of the text.

1. What is Sanitation Microbiology based on?

2. On what factors will the types of microorganisms present depend on? 3. What are microbiological hazards?

4. What are the characteristic features of viruses as pathogen group? 5. What are the characteristic features of prions as pathogen group?

6. What are the characteristic features of bacteria as pathogen group?

7. What zoonotic bacterial pathogens do you know?

8. Are bacteria a versatile group?

9. What are the characteristic features of fungi as pathogen group?

10. How are fungi generally transmitted? 11. How many species of microsporidia have been found?

12. Where have protozoan pathogens been found? 13. Are zoonotic waterborne helminthes infections worldwide spread?

7. Does this text give you sufficient information about sanitation microbiology?

What questions would you ask the author of the text?

Text b Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease Virus ‘ May Have Caused Cambodia Child Deaths’

Do you happen to know of some similar cases in Russia/ other countries? What are the major reasons of this outbreaks? What do you know about the disease?

Then read the text to find out:

- what virus is responsible for this disease;

- how many cases had been identified;

- what pig pathogen can be transmitted to humans;

- what the symptoms of this disease are.

A virus that causes hand, foot and mouth disease may have been responsible for some of the mysterious deaths of dozens of children in Cambodia since April, the Health Ministry said in a joint statement with the World Health Organisation (WHO).

Fifty-nine cases had been identified involving children between the ages of three months and 11 years, with the majority younger than three years old. In all, 52 had died but samples were not available in the majority of cases.

"Based on the latest laboratory results, a significant proportion of the samples tested positive for Enterovirus 71 (EV-71), which causes hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD). The EV-71 has been known to generally cause severe complications among some patients," the statement published late on Sunday said.

It said a number of other pathogens were found including dengue and streptococcus, which is a pig pathogen that can be transmitted to humans.

"Further investigation is ongoing and this includes the matching of the laboratory and epidemiological information. We hope to be able to conclude our investigation in the coming days," Cambodian Health Minister Mam Bun Heng said in the statement.

The WHO said on July 3 it was helping Cambodia investigate the deaths of at least 60 children under seven years of age, most of whom had died within 24 hours of being admitted to hospital in Phnom Penh or the northern town of Siem Reap.

They had high fevers and signs of encephalitic or respiratory symptoms, or both, it said.

Hand, foot and mouth disease usually affects infants and children and is spread through direct contact with the mucus, saliva, or faeces of an infected person. It typically occurs in small epidemics in nursery schools or kindergartens.

09 Jul 2012