Ex 4 Read the text again and correct the false statements.

1. From the initial idea to the launching of a ship everything is done by one group of people.

2. At the Design Stage major technical parameters are defined.

3. All the components of a ship are independent from each other.

4. The design solutions are only assessed at the Design Stage beginning.

5. One manufacturing plan for the whole ship is usually made.

6. At the Service Stage the new ship is tested.

7. The information collected when repairing a ship, is useless for a design firm.

8. There are many software tools for the Discard Stage.

9. Each computer application can perform one task only.

Ex 5 Complete the sentences according to the text.

1. The design has to meet different _______.

2. Major technical parameters _______ at the Concept Design Stage.

3. The engineers develop _______ of the steel structure at the Design Stage.

4. The iterative _______ is necessary to find an optimal solution.

5. Each new solution is assessed _______ numerical modelling.

6. The designers have to _______ the capabilities available.

7. After the ship is assembled, it is _______.

8. The problems of _______ are addressed at the Service Stage.

9. Various software tools are used to _______ the shipbuilding process.

10. Collecting information from all the ship’s _______ is important.

Ex 6 Translate the words in brackets to complete the sentences.

1. This (судно) was (спущено на воду) two years ago.

2. The designers tried to take all the (пожелания заказчика) into account.

3. The ship’s safety system will be (оценена).

4. Many partners (взаимодействуют) in the development process.

5. The engineers (рассмотрели) some manufacturing problems and came to a decision.

6. All the ship’s systems (влияют) each other.

7. The (первоначальный) plan was (отброшен).

8. People must (повторно использовать) various materials to protect the environment.

9. I can (починить) my computer myself.

10. The rules (предписывают) the assembly order.

Ex 7 For each stage in a ship’s life-cycle write out key words which describe it, then use your list to speak about these stages. Ex 8 Put the chunks of the text in the correct order.

1. you have to take many parameters into account, for example, you

2. all the necessary pipes and cables also has to be defined.

3. electricity supply system, the armament, etc. When designing a ship,

4. the power required for each given speed. The location for

5. There are several components to every ship. They are the hull, the

6. have to calculate the ship’s stability, the water resistance and

7. power plant and different systems, such as the fuel system, the

Ex 9 Read the text in ex. 8 again and answer the questions.

armament – вооружение fuel – топливо location – расположение pipe – трубопровод

power plant – силовая установка resistance – сопротивление several – несколько supply – поставка, поставлять

1. What are the main components of a ship?

2. What parameters have to be assessed when designing a ship?

3. What else do the designers have to define?

B computer-aided design

Ex1 What CAD packages do you know? What can they do? How often do you use them and what for? Are they convenient?

computer-aided design (CAD) – система автоматизации проектных работ (САПР)* aid – помогать carry out – выполнять curve – кривая

dimension – размерность inside – внутренняя сторона rotate – вращать surface – поверхность solid – твердое тело tolerance – допуск

Note:

The Russian term САПР is wider than CAD, and can also be translated into English as computer-aided engineering (CAE) or computer-aided manufacturing (CAM).

Ex 2 Match the phrases in the box to their Russian equivalents in brackets and use them to complete the sentences.

view from any angle  contain important information improve the quality  manual drafting increase the productivity  vector and raster graphics

1. The document (содержит важные сведения).

2. (Ручное изготовление чертежей) requires a lot of accuracy.

3. Most image processing programs have commands to work with (векторной и пиксельной графикой).

4. To (увеличить производительность) the plant needs new equipment.

5. The use of this method allowed us to (улучшить качество) of the product.

6. A real ship model can be (рассмотрена со всех сторон).

Ex 3 Read the statements and mark them ‘true’ or ‘false.’ Then read the text and check your answers.

1. Computer-aided design is the use of computers for analysing drawings.

2. All the information a CAD system can provide comes in the form of drawings and pictures.

3. With some CAD packages you can model objects in three-dimensional space.

4. Hardware resources are not important for working with CAD packages.

5. There are some specific CAD systems for shipbuilding.

Computer-aided design (sometimes called computer-aided design and drafting) is the use of computer systems in the creation, modification, analysis, or optimization of a technical drawing or design. CAD allows the designer to increase productivity, improve the quality of design, improve communications through documentation, and to create a database for manufacturing.

CAD software uses either vector graphics to model the objects of traditional drafting, or raster graphics for colour and texture. As in the manual drafting of technical and engineering drawings, the output of CAD contains information about materials, processes, dimensions, and tolerances.

CAD may be used to design curves and shapes in two-dimensional space; or curves, surfaces and solids in three-dimensional space. Modern CAD packages often allow the designer to rotate the object in three dimensions and view it from any angle, even from the inside looking out. Some CAD software can also perform dynamic mathematical modelling.

Today, CAD packages exist for all major operating systems and they usually require no special hardware. However, some CAD systems can carry out graphically and computationally intensive tasks, so a modern video card, high speed CPU and large amounts of RAM may be recommended.

There are a number of CAD systems especially designed for use in shipbuilding, for example CATIA, ShipModel, K3-SHIP, Sea Solution, ПЛАТЕР, САПС.