Text 5.

Commercial air transport is divided into scheduled air services and nonscheduled flights. Charter flights fall mostly, but not invariably, into the latter category. Under the Chicago Convention, contracting states agree to permit aircraft registered in the other contracting states and engaged in commercial nonscheduled flights to fly into their territory without prior diplomatic permission and, moreover, to pick up and discharge passengers, cargo, and mail, but in practice this provision has become a dead letter. For scheduled air services, the privilege of operating commercial services through or into a foreign country was, at the time of the 1944 Chicago conference, split into five so-called freedoms of the air.

The first is the privilege of flying across a country nonstop; the sec­ond, of flying across with a stop for technical purposes only. These two freedoms are also known as transit rights. A large number of ICAO members are parties to the 1944 International Air Services Transit Agreement, placing these rights on a multilateral basis. The other free­doms of the air are known as traffic rights, referring to passengers, mail, or cargo carried on a commercial service.

The third of the five freedoms is the privilege of bringing in and discharging traffic from the home state of the aircraft or airline; the fourth is that of picking up traffic for the home state of the aircraft or airline; the fifth is that of picking up traffic for or discharging traffic from third states in the territory of the state granting the privilege. This fifth freedom is the main bargaining point in the exchange of traffic rights among states.

Task 1. Translate text 5 in writing.

Task 2. Answer the following questions:

1. What is commercial air transport divided into?

2. What do contracting states agree under the Chicago Convention?

3. What is the first freedom of the air?

4. What is the third freedom of the air?

5. What is the fifth freedom of the air?

Task 3. Find in the text English equivalents of the following:

Комерційний авіатранспорт; регулярні та нерегулярні авіаперевезення; країни, що підписали договір;чартерні рейси; дипломатичний дозвіл; положення, що не застосовується, але і не скасовується; свобода повітря; право перевезення.

Task 4. Summarize the text in 3-4 sentences.

Supplementary reading

Translate the Convention into Ukrainian..

Abridged version of the CONVENTION ON INTERNATIONAL CIVIL AVIATION, SIGNED AT CHICAGO, ON 7 DECEMBER 1944 (CHICAGO CONVENTION)

Preamble

WHEREAS the future development of international civil aviation can greatly help to create and preserve friendship and understanding among the nations and peoples of the world, yet its abuse can become a threat to the general security; and

WHEREAS it is desirable lo avoid friction and to promote that cooperation between nations and peoples upon which the peace of the world depends:

THEREFORE, the undersigned governments having agreed on certain principles and arrangements in order that international civil aviation may be developed in a safe and orderly manner and that international air transport services may be established on the basis of equality of opportunity and operated soundly and economically; have accordingly concluded this Convention to that end.