12. Put the verb in brackets into the correct form using Participles or Gerunds, where possible.

1. ________ (read) the letter twice, he understood that the matter needed immediate attention. 2. When _________(fill in) a form, you must write your name and address clearly. 3. _________ (make) great progress by the end of the semester, he was able to start reading books in the original. 4. ‘Don’t lose your things, little boy,’ said a man _______ (pick up) the gloves _______ (drop) by the boy. 5. ________ (be fond of) music my brother never misses an opportunity to go to a good concert. 6. _________ (walk) about the town for some time, he went up to the man _________ (stand) at a street corner and asked to be directed to the main square. 7. I thought I had lost my bag and was therefore very grateful to the man ___________ (bring) it back to me. 8. I had never realized what a talented writer he was until I saw his play _______ (stage) in a theatre. 9. The man _______ (make) the opening speech at the exhibition is a well-known painter.

13. Translate into English using the Participle where Possible.

1. Викладач виписав усі помилки, зроблені студентами в останній контрольній роботі, та написав кілька вправ для тренування забутих студентами правил. 2. Гуляючи парком цими днями, я опинився в зовсім незнайому місці. 3. Здаючи зошит, студент сказав, що не закінчив останню вправу, та пообіцяв зробити її на наступний урок. 4. Побачивши, що збирається на дощ, мати наказала дітям іти додому. 5. Пропустивши кілька уроків, студент майже не розумів пояснення викладача. 6. Почувши голос цього чоловіка, я подумав, що знаю його, але підійшовши ближче, я зрозумів, що помилявся. 7. Романи, написані цим письменником, користуються великою популярністю. 8. Вигравши першість в інститутських змаганнях, команда продовжувала тренуватися для наступних ігор. 9. Я не сумніваюся, що відомості, отримані вранці, будуть цікаві для всіх. 10. Жінка була вдячна офіцеру, який урятував життя її дитині. 11. Вікна, які виходили на парк, були відчинені. 12. Секретар відіслав документи, підписані директором. 13. Я дуже вдячна лікарям, які врятували життя моїй дитині. 14. Його неочікувана відповідь здивувала нас. 15. Дорога, яка зараз ремонтується, буде значно ширша після ремонту. 16. У цій кімнаті кілька зламаних стільців. 17. Він приніс мені кілька ілюстрованих журналів. 18. Ми уважно прочитали надіслану професором статтю. 19. Оповідання, надруковані в цьому журналі, дуже цікаві.

The participle

• Present Participles (V-ing) describes what somebody or something is. It was a fascinating story. (What kind of story? Fascinating.)

• Past Participles (V-ed) describe how someone feels. We were fascinated by his story. (How did we feel about the story? Fascinated.)

1. Underline the correct participle.

1. He was encouraging /encouraged towards his children. 2. He found the film very exciting/ excited. 3. He was very exhausting/ exhausted after hard day work. 4. They were very worrying/ worried that they would be late. 5. Her behaviour is extremely annoying /annoyed. 6. We were shocking/shocked by his behaviour. 7. She told us a very entertaining/ entertained story. 8. They were very surprising/ surprised when we turned up in their office. 9. The book is really interesting/ interested. 10. They were fascinated/ fascinating by the view.

2. Study this example situation:

Jane has been doing the same job for a long time. Every day she does exactly the same things again and again. She doesn’t enjoy it any more and would like to do something different. Jane’s job is boring. Jane is bored (with her job). Someone is –ed if something (or someone) is –ing. Or, if something is –ing, it makes you –ed. Now fill in –ed or –ing.

Tom is interest___ in politics. Tom finds politics interest____.

Are you interest____ in buying a car? Did you meet anyone interest____ at the party?

Everyone was surprise(e)__ that he passed the exam. It was surprise____ that he passed the exam.

I was disappoint____ with the film. The film was disappoint____.

He is always very tir(e)___ when he gets home from work. He has a very tire___ job.

3. Complete two sentences for each situation.

1. The film wasn’t as good as we expected. (disappoint) a) The film was __________. b) We were __________. 2. It’s been raining all day. I hate this weather. (depress) a) This weather is ________. b) This weather makes me _________. 3. Astronomy is one of Tom’s main interests. (interest) a) Tom is __________ in astronomy. b) He finds astronomy ___________. 4. I turned off the television in the middle of the programme. (bore) a) The programme was ___________. b) I was _________. 5. Ann is going to America next month. She has never been there before. (excite) a) She is really _________ about going. b) It’ll be an __________ experience for her. 6. Diana teaches young children. It’s a hard job. (exhaust) a) She often finds her job ___________. b) At the end of the day’s work she is often _______.

4. Choose the correct answer.

1. We were all horrifying / horrified when we heard about the disaster. 2. It’s sometimes embarrassing / embarrassed when you have to ask people for money. 3. Are you interesting / interested in football? 4. I enjoyed the football match. It was quite exciting / excited. 5. It was really terrifying / terrified experience. Afterwards everybody was very shocking / shocked. 6. I had never expected to be offered the job. I was really amazing / amazed when I was offered. 7. The kitchen hadn’t been cleaned for ages. It was really disgusting / disgusted. 8. Do you easily get embarrassing / embarrassed? 9. Do you enjoy your holiday? – Oh, yes. It was very relaxed / relaxing. 10. Shall I turn off the lights? – No, I’m frightening / frightened of the dark. 11. Was Mother upset when you broke her vase? – Not really, but she was annoyed / annoying. 12. How do you feel today? – I still feel very tired / tiring. 13. I haven’t seen Mr Green for several years. – Neither have I. It’s a bit worried / worrying. 14. Did you hurt yourself when you fell? – No, but it was quite embarrassed / embarrassing.

5. Complete the sentences with a participle.

1. I seldom visit art galleries. I’m not very ___________ in art. 2. We went for a very long walk. It was very __________. 3. Why do you always look so ________? Is your life really so _______? 4. He’s one of the most ___________ people I’ve ever met. He never stopped talking and never does anything ________. 5. I was ___________ when I heard they were getting divorced. They had always seemed so happy together. 6. I’m starting a new job next week. I’m quite _______ about it.

Study the following exercise and do the task below.

The forms of the Present Particle are:

	Active	Passive
Simple	V-ing	being V3
Perfect	having V3	having been V3

Participles can also be used:

• instead of relative pronouns and full verbs. E.g. The woman waving at me is my aunt. (=The woman who is waving at me is my aunt.) The new shampoo advertised on TV is very expensive. (=The new shampoo which is advertised on TV is very expensive.)

• to express reason. E.g. Feeing shy, she didn’t talk to me. (= Because she felt shy, she didn’t talk to me) Having seen the film before, I decided to stay at home. (= Because I had seen the film before, I decided to stay at home)

• to express time. E.g. Having taken his Master’s degree, he applied for a job. (=After taking/ After he had taken his Master’s degree, he applied for a job.) We met John while shopping. (= We met John while we were shopping)

• instead of the past simple in narratives when we describe actions happening immediately one after the other. E.g. Hearing the news, she fainted. (= When she heard the news, she fainted)

• to avoid repeating the past continuous in the same sentence. He was walking down the street whistling a tune. (=He was walking down the street and he was whistling a tune.)