- •1. Complete the sentences with the words from the box.
- •2. Read the text about electric power transmission and distribution. Six sentences have
- •3. Match the words with their definitions.
- •4. Translate the sentences paying attention to the use of the Gerund.
- •Read the text about the difference between ac and dc transmission and then complete the table.
- •6. Look at the words below. What do the underlined prefixes mean in each? Match each
- •7. Rewrite the sentences below using words with prefixes. Do not change the meaning of
- •8. Open the brackets using the correct form of the Gerund. Translate the sentences.
- •9. You will hear now part of a lecture about electric power transmission. As you listen,
- •10. Match each phrase with its Russian equivalent.
- •11. Translate these sentences from Russian into English.
- •12. Translate the text from English into Russian.
- •13. Fig. 2 shows the transmission and distribution of power from power station to
- •14. Mark the sequence of stages using appropriate sequence words (first, then, next, after
3. Match the words with their definitions.
1 facility 2 grid 3 deregulation 4 mine 5 instrumentation 6 appliance 7 consideration
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a the network of electricity supply wires that connects power stations and provides electricity to consumers in an area b a situation when government reduces its role and allows industry greater freedom in how it operates c a place or building used for a particular activity or industry, or for providing a particular type of service d a set of instruments used for measurement e a system of excavations made for the extraction of minerals, especially coal, ores, or precious stones f a factor taken into account in deciding something g any piece of equipment having a specific function |
Use of English 1: grammar The Gerund |
4. Translate the sentences paying attention to the use of the Gerund.
1. Maintaining constant temperature and pressure during the test was absolutely necessary.
2. The student's taking part in the research was of great help to the whole laboratory.
3. The task of the factory was producing corrosion-resistant polymers in far larger
quantities.
4. Their aim is finding new ways of utilizing this first-class polymer in light industry.
5. The researcher took great interest in our improving the properties of the rubber-like substances.
6. We know of silver and copper being very good conductors of electricity.
7. The new heating and lighting installations supply the shops of our plant with heat and light.
8. At present scientists take great interest in the methods of turning the light and heat of the sun
directly into electricity.
9. By subjecting air to very great pressure and cooling it is possible to transform it to the liquid
state.
10. Physical changes are those which influence the condition or state of matter without changing
its composition.
11. The engineer mentioned his having tested this material for strength with an entirely
satisfactory result.
12. We are no longer surprised at telecasts being shown from outer space.
Reading 2 |
Read the text about the difference between ac and dc transmission and then complete the table.
Type of transmission |
Definition |
Advantages |
Application |
AC transmission
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DC transmission
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AC AND DC TRANSMISSION
AC (or alternating current) transmission refers to the transfer of energy from a source to one or more main receiving stations by electric current that reverses (alternates) its direction at regular intervals. DC (direct current) transmission involves the transfer of energy from a source usually to one receiving station by electric current that flows in one direction.
Key advantages of AC transmission technology are its flexibility and widespread use by electric utilities. AC facilitates future additions of intermediate stations, acting like exit and entrance ramps on an interstate highway, to serve local load centers and/or provide transmission access for new generation that may locate along the way. The ease of AC connections can encourage siting of fuel-diverse, newer technology and environmentally-friendly generators. Also, the use of AC technology enables expansion into a high-capacity transmission overlay that can be readily integrated with the existing systems. Integration can be achieved using commonly available step-down autotransformers or generator step-up transformers, offering the benefits of enhanced operating flexibility and reduced system losses.
By contrast, traditional DC technology is best suited for specialized applications, such as point-to-point transmission traversing unpopulated areas or where the systems being connected do not operate in synchronism. Examples include underground/undersea cables, long-distance overhead transmission serving as outlets for generating stations, and asynchronous links between two systems that have either no ties or very weak ties. While DC offers freedom from line charging currents and simpler line design with only one (monopolar) or two (bipolar) power conductors, it requires DC/AC conversion at each terminal to integrate with the existing system.
Use of English 2: vocabulary World Building |