Задания для самостоятельной работы Вариант 1

1. Сопоставьте слова.

State Volume Shape Compressible Space Vessel Drop Pour Glass Substance

Капля Лить Стекло Состояние Вещество Сжимаемый Сосуд Объём Форма Пространство

2. Переведите слова с английского языка на русский.

Property, diffusion, liquid, solid, fixed, spherical, assume, possess, occupy, attraction,

3. Переведите слова с русского языка на английский.

Молекула, количество, сферический, определённый, свободный, теория, минерал, следовательно, характерный, содержать.

4. Переведите предложения с английского языка на русский.

1. Gases take the shape of the vessel.

2. Liquids have a definite volume.

3. Liquid, gaseous and solid states are states in which matter can exist.

4. The form of a drop is more or less spherical.

5. Liquids are incompressible.

6. The kinetic energy of the molecules depends upon the temperature.

7. Transition temperatures are definite temperature characteristics.

8. The attraction between the molecules in solids is very great.

9. We can divide solids into two main classes.

10. Solids possess characteristic forms.

5. Переведите текст с английского языка на русский.

Three states of matter.

There are three different states of matter – gaseous, liquid and solid states. The characteristic property of a gas is diffusion. A gas distributes itself uniformly in any space. Gases take the volume and the shape of the vessel which contains them. Gases are very compressible.

The liquid state occupies an intermediate position between the gaseous and solid states. Liquids have a definite volume but no fixed form. They take the shape of the vessel in which we pour them. But in very minute quantities as drops, liquids assume a form more or less spherical. There is not much free space between the molecules in liquids – therefore liquids are very incompressible.

According to the kinetic theory the attraction between the molecules in solids is very great. Therefore, solids possess a definite form which is characteristic. Solids can be divided into two classes crystalline, for example metals and most minerals, and amorphous, for example glass.

The change of a substance into the gaseous, liquid or solid states depends upon the kinetic energy of the molecules, which in turn depends upon the temperature. There are definite temperature characteristics for most substances at which such changes occur – we call them transition temperatures.

Ответьте на вопросы к тексту.

1. What are three states of matter?

2. Do liquids have a definite volume?

3. What shape do gases take?

4. Are gases compressible?

5. What does the kinetic energy of molecules depend upon?

Глоссарий

amorphous to assume attraction change compressible to contain crystalline definite to depend different diffusion to distribute to divide drop fixed free gaseous glass great incompressible intermediate kinetic theory liquid matter minute to occupy to occur to possess to pour property quantity shape solid space spherical state therefore uniformly vessel volume

аморфный приобретать, принимать притяжение изменение сжимаемый содержать кристаллический определённый зависеть различный диффузия распределять разделять капля фиксированный свободный газообразный стекло большой несжимаемый промежуточный кинетическая теория жидкость, жидкий материя мелкий занимать происходить обладать лить свойство качество форма твёрдый, твёрдое вещество пространство сферический состояние следовательно равномерно сосуд объём