II. Listening

1. Read the passage below and complete it. The first letters of the missing words are given as a prompt for you.

A basic tool palette

A graphics (1) p is the software that enables you to draw and manipulate objects on a computer. Each graphics package has its own facilities, plus a wide range of basic drawing and (2) p……………… tools.

The collection of tools in a package is known as a palette.

The basic shapes which are used to make (3) g ……..objects are called 'primitives'. These are usually geometric, such as lines between two points, arcs, (4) c………………., polygons, ellipses and even text. You can choose both the primitive you want and where it should go on the screen.

Moreover, you can specify the (5) 'a ' of each primitive, such as its colour, (6) 1………………..type, fill area, interior style and so on.

The various tools in a palette usually appear together as pop-up (7) i………….in a menu. To use one you activate it by (8) c…………………..on it. For example, if you want to draw a rectangle, you activate the rectangle tool and the pop-up options allow you to choose the origin of the rectangle (using the insertion point as its centre or corner) and the possibility of (9) d……………….. a rectangle with rounded corners.

2. Listen and check your answers.

III. Vocabulary

1. Look at the functions represented by the icons in the tool palette on the right and match them with the definitions on the left.

1. This is used to scale the view. Similar to the command 'Zoom in/out'

2. This is used to delete the part of the picture you drag it over. It is known as 'Eraser'.

3. T his is used to type text.

4. This draws a straight line between two points.

5. This is a paintbrush used to add colour and patterns. It often comes in different shapes.

6. This is used to draw polygons with irregular sides.

7. This is used to draw thin, free-form lines.

8. These are used to select text and images.

9. This draws an arc, or part of a circle.

10. This draws curved, free-form shapes.

11. This is used to draw a circle with two foci, known as an ellipse.

12. These two are used to draw all kinds of rectangles, even ones with rounded corners.

13. This is used to draw a circle.

14. This is used to draw polygons with equal sides.

2. Graphics programs have several options that work in conjunction with the tools menu to enable the user to manipulate and change pictures. Look at the facilities on the left and match them with the definitions on the right:

Patterns menu Scaling Rotating Inverting Zoom Slanting 7 Black- and-white dithering

A. A. Turning an image round. B. A tool which lets you scale the 'view' of a picture and edit a small portion of it as if you were working under a magnifying glass. It is very useful for doing detailed work as you can edit the picture one dot at a time. C. Making the object larger or smaller in any of the horizontal, vertical or depth directions. D. A shading technique where two different colours are placed next to each other; the human eye blends the colours to form a third one. It is also used to show shading in black and white. E. A palette from which you choose a design to fill in shapes. F. Reversing the colour of the dots in the selected part of a picture, so that white dots become black and black dots become white. G. Inclining an object to an oblique position.