4.1Readthearticleagainandanswerthequestions.

1.Thearticlecontainsalotofdatesandfigures.Whatdothesedates

referto?

1897,1959,1972,1989

2.Whatdothesefiguresreferto?

3:1,41%-32%,60,28%-33%,80%,$2.5billion,$112million,720,

$750million,13:1.

3.IsPepsiorCoca-Colamoredominantinyourhomemarket?Canyouthinkofreasonswhy?

4.Whattacticsdotheyusetoincreasesales?

5.WhatotherverycompetitivemarketsarethereinRussia?(e.g.fastfood,chocolatesandsweets,footwear)Whoarethemaincompetitors?

5(11).Listening.ListentoKeithJacksontalkingaboutcompetitioninaglobalmarket.Notethedefinitionsofthreestrategiesforbecomingamarketleader.

Mindthenewwords.

toreduce	сокращать
cheaply	дешево
differentiation	дифференциация,различие
toappear	появляться
innovation	новшество
supermarketchain	сетьсупермаркетов
own	собственный
topenetratethemarket	проникатьнарынок
wacky	сумасшедший
advertisingcampaign	рекламнаякомпания
tofaceproblems	сталкиватьсяспроблемами

towish	желать
retailbusiness	бизнесрозничнойторговли
tomention	упоминать
standardizedquality	стандартизированноекачество
toguaranteethequality	гарантироватькачество
globalscale	глобальныймасштаб
toadapttolocalcultures	подстраиватьсяподместнуюкультуру
expectations	ожидания
beef	говядина
tooffend	обижать
message	сообщение,послание

1.Costfocus .

2.Differentiation .

_{3.Innovation .}

5.1(12).Listening.Keithtalksaboutthestrategiesofdifferentcompaniessellingsoftdrinks.Listenandcompletethetable.

company	strategy	howtheyemployedthestrategy
Safeway Tesco Sainsbury	costfocus
Tango	differentiation
VirginCola	innovation

5.2(13).Listening.Keithtalksaboutproblemsforcompanieswhocompeteintheglobalmarketplace.MakenotesaboutMcDonald’sunderthefollowingheadings.

1.Quality .

2.Localcultureandcustomerexpectations _.

3.Marketing _.

_{4.Theproduct _.}

6.Speaking.Getreadywiththemonologueabouttwocompetitorsinanysphereofbusinessyoulike.

7.Reading.Readthetextandexplainthewordsinbold.

Creditistheprovisionofresources(suchasgrantingaloan)byonepartytoanotherpartywherethatsecondpartydoesnotreimbursethefirstpartyimmediately,therebygeneratingadebt.Thoseresources(ormaterial(s)ofequalvalue)arerepaidatalaterdate.Itisaformofdeferredpayment.Thefirstpartyiscalledacreditor,alsoknownasalender,whilethesecondpartyiscalledadebtor,alsoknownasaborrower.

Creditneednotnecessarilybebasedonformalmonetarysystems.Thecreditconceptcanbeappliedinbartereconomiesbasedonthe

directexchangeofgoodsandservices,

Thewordcreditisusedincommercialtradeintheterm"tradecredit"torefertotheapprovalfordelayedpaymentsforpurchasedgoods.Creditissometimesnotgrantedtoapersonwhohasfinancialinstabilityordifficulty.Companiesfrequentlyoffercredittotheircustomersaspartofthetermsofapurchaseagreement.Organizationsthatoffercredittotheircustomersfrequentlyemployacreditmanager.

Commonformsofconsumercreditincludecreditcards,storecards,motor(auto)finance,personalloans(installmentloans),retailloans

(retailinstallmentloans)andmortgages.

Thecostofcreditistheadditionalamount,overandabovetheamountborrowed,thattheborrowerhastopay.Itincludesinterest,

arrangementfeesandanyothercharges.Somecostsaremandatory,

requiredbythelenderasanintegralpartofthecreditagreement.Othercosts,suchasthoseforcreditinsurance,maybeoptional.Theborrowerchooseswhetherornottheyareincludedaspartoftheagreement.

Credithistoryorcreditreportis,inmanycountries,arecordofanindividual'sorcompany'spastborrowingandrepaying,including

informationaboutlatepaymentsandbankruptcy.Theterm"creditreputation"caneitherbeusedsynonymoustocredithistoryortocredit

score.