Семестр 4 срс №3

Тема: Особливості перекладу та правопису неологізмів.

Мета: розвивати навички читання, мовлення та письма. ознайомитися з одним з пластів мови – неологізмом.

Завдання: прочитати інформацію та знайти приклади неологізмів в сучасній англійській мові.

A neologism (pron.: /niːˈɒlədʒɪzəm/; from Greek νέο- (néo-), meaning "new", and λόγος (lógos), meaning "speech, utterance") is a newly coined term, word, or phrase, that may be in the process of entering common use, but has not yet been accepted into mainstream language.Neologisms are often directly attributable to a specific person, publication, period, or event. The term neologism is first attested in English in 1772, borrowed from French. Neologisms are often created by combining existing words (see compound noun and adjective) or by giving words new and unique suffixes or prefixes. "Brunch" is an example of a portmanteau word (breakfast + lunch). Neologisms also can be created through abbreviation or acronym, by intentionally rhyming with existing words or simply through playing with sounds.

Neologisms can become popular by way of mass media, the Internet, and word of mouth, including academic discourse in many fields renowned for their use of distinctive jargon, and often become accepted parts of the language. Other times, however, they disappear from common use just as readily as they appeared. Whether a neologism continues as part of the language depends on many factors, probably the most important of which is acceptance by the public. It is unusual, however, for a word to enter common use if it does not resemble another word or words in an identifiable way.

When a word or phrase is no longer "new", it is no longer a neologism. Neologisms may take decades to become "old", however. Opinions differ on exactly how old a word must be to cease being considered a neologism.

Science and technology

• X-ray, or röntgenograph (November 8, 1895, by Röntgen)

• radar (1941) from Radio Detection And Ranging

• laser (1960) from Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation

• blackhole (1968)

• lidar (late 90s) from Light Detection And Ranging

• Internet (1974)

• translational research (early 1990s)

• Taser (1980s) from Thomas A Swift Electric Rifle

• photoshop, as a verb meaning digital photo manipulation

• searchency, described as an act of search that finds favourable conditions for attaining its end. Urbandictionary

• friend, as a verb meaning to add another user as a friend on a social networking service like Facebook

• Google often used as verb for searching on internet, primarily through Google Search Engine

Семестр 4 срс №4

Тема: Синонімічні та антонімічні пари.

Мета: розвивати навички читання, мовлення та письма. ознайомитися з синонімами та антонімами в англійській мові.

Завдання: виконати тест на знаходження синонімічних пар.

Synonyms are words with the same or similar meanings. Words that are synonyms are said to be synonymous, and the state of being a synonym is called synonymy. An example of synonyms are the words begin and commence. Likewise, if we talk about a long time or an extended time, long and extended become synonyms. In the figurative sense, two words are often said to be synonymous if they have the same connotation: Synonyms can be any part of speech (such as nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs or prepositions), as long as both words are the same part of speech. Here are more examples of English synonyms:

Verb - "buy" and "purchase" Adjective -"big" and "large"

Adverb -"quickly" and "speedily" Preposition -"on" and "upon".

An antonym is one of a pair of words with opposite meanings. Each word in the pair is the antithesis of the other. A word may have more than one antonym. There are three categories of antonyms identified by the nature of the relationship between the opposed meanings. Where the two words have definitions that lie on a continuous spectrum of meaning, they are gradable antonyms. Where the meanings do not lie on a continuous spectrum and the words have no other lexical relationship, they are complementary antonyms. Where the two meanings are opposite only within the context of their relationship, they are relational antonyms.

1. He is a fast runner. a) Quick b)Slow c) Energetic d)Calm

2.I am terrible at Mathematics. a) Good b) Great c)Awful d)Fantastic

3. Have you looked at the Invoice?

a)Pen b) Bill c) Sheet d) Paper

4. Do you think I am stupid?

a)Dumb b) Intelligent c)Brilliant d)Fast

5. He never comes on time. a) Sees b)Does c) Goes d)Arrives

6. This toy is inexpensive.

a) Cheap b) Over priced c) expensive d) Good

7. The music is loud. a)Soft b)Blaring c)Pleasant d)Catchy

8. I require three big boxes. a) Need b)Threw c)Found d)Got

9. He has a big house. a)Small b)Tiny c)Large d)Great

10. My girlfriend is very pretty. a) Ugly b) Strange c) Beautiful d)Stupid