2. Do you remember the following words? Translate them into Ukrainian:

   proper – ___________________________ to maintain – _______________________ traffic – ___________________________ visibility – _________________________ shape – ____________________________ requirements – ______________________ to allow – __________________________ local – ____________________________ authority – _________________________ therefore – _________________________

   appropriate – _______________________ to follow – _________________________ to avoid – __________________________ to exist – __________________________ circumstances – _____________________ unable – ___________________________ available – _________________________ underway – ________________________ to make fast – ______________________ responsibility – _____________________

3. Show your competence on the following positions:

1. What is the COLREGS?

2. What is the purpose of using of the sea rules of the road?

4. Read and translate the following text:

The safety during the voyage is very dependent on the conduct of vessel. This conduct is largely determined by Good Seamanship and depends on the proper application of the Rules of the Road. The purpose of these sea rules of the road to maintain discipline of marine traffic and ensure safety of life.

The navigation rules of the road are defined by the International Maritime Organisation in what is known as COLREGS or the International Regulations For Preventing Collisions At Sea 1972. In total there are thirty eight rules which are given in five parts A, B, C, D and E which refer to the rules relating to General, Steering and Sailing (this part is divided into three sections: Conduct of vessels in any condition of visibility; Conduct of vessels in sight of one another; Conduct of vessels in restricted visibility), Lights and Shapes, Sound and Light Signals and Exemptions respectively. Apart from these five categories, there are four Annexes from Annex I to Annex IV which define the technical requirements. These internationally accepted rules apply to all vessels sailing across the ocean and in all waters navigable by seagoing vessels. Special rules that deviate from the COLREGS are allowed. However, such special rules, made up by local authorities for roadsteads, harbours, rivers, lakes and inland waterways, must confirm to the Rules and cannot differ totally from them.

Responsibility

Nothing in these rules shall interfere with the operation of special rules made by an appropriate authority.

Nothing in these rules can release any vessel, owner, master or crew from the responsibility to comply and follow these rules.

The only situation when these rules can be deviated from is when avoiding an immediate danger – the avoidance of collision being of prime importance.

The rules primarily lay down the responsibilities between vessels when they meet at sea, i.e. which vessel should keep out of the way of the other (the give way vessel) and which should do nothing except maintain its course and speed (the stand on vessel). This responsibility also extends to type of vessels in the encounter when a risk of collision may exist.

Some definitions regarding colregs

Having learnt about the basics of the rules of the road at sea, we will now proceed to learn a few basic definitions regarding COLREGS:

• The word “vessel” includes every description of water craft, including non-displacement craft and seaplanes, used or capable of being used as a means of transportation on water.

• The term “power-driven vessel” means any vessel propelled by machinery.

• The term “vessel engaged in fishing” means any vessel fishing with apparatus which restrict manoeuvrability.

• The term “vessel not under command” means a vessel which through some exceptional circumstance is unable to manoeuvre as required by these Rules and is therefore unable to keep out of the way of another vessel.

• The term “vessel restricted in her ability to manoeuvre” means a vessel which from the nature of her work is restricted in her ability to manoeuvre as required by these Rules and is therefore unable to keep out of the way of another vessel.

• The term “vessel constrained by her draught” means a power-driven vessel which because of her draught in relation to the available depth and width of navigable water is severely restricted in her ability to deviate from the course she is following.

• The word “underway” means that a vessel is not at anchor, or made fast to the shore, or aground. So for example, a vessel with her engines stopped and drifting is underway, and must comply with the rules.